Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Articles

Optimal diagram teaming up randomized biopsy (BR) to targeted biopsy (BC) is still missing for the diagnostic of prostate cancer (CP). This study compares diagram of 6, 12 or 18 BR with or without BC rigid.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE - Standard tumour control probability (TCP) models assume uniform tumour cell density across the tumour. The aim of this study was to develop an individualised TCP model by including index-tumour regions extracted form multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps-based cell density distributions.

To investigate the clinical impact of performing prostate artery embolization (PAE) on patients with adenomatous-dominant benign prostatic hyperplasia (AdBPH).

Twelve patients from the ongoing proSTatic aRtery EmbolizAtion for the treatMent of benign prostatic hyperplasia (STREAM) trial were identified as having AdBPH; defined as two or more adenomas within the central gland of ≥1 cm diameter on multi-parametric MRI (MP-MRI).

Since multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of the prostate exceeds 30 min, minimizing the evaluation time of significant (Gleason scores > 6) prostate cancer (PCa) would be beneficial.

To describe the clinical course, neuroimaging findings and functional outcome of idiopathic spinal cord infarction (SCI) in adolescents.

Retrospective and descriptive analyses of seven patients with idiopathic SCI and 50 additional cases from the literature were included.

To compare the diagnostic performance between diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters and mono-exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for determination of clinically significant cancer (CSC, Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7) in patients with histologically proven prostate cancer (PCa).

DCE-MRI is established for detecting prostate cancer (PCa). However, it requires a gadolinium contrast agent, with potential risks for patients. The application of DIR-MRI is simple and may allow cancer detection without the use of an intravenous contrast agent by differentially nullifying signal from normal and abnormal prostate tissue, creating contrast between the cancer and background normal prostate.

To assess the performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system trained at characterizing International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade≥2 peripheral zone (PZ) prostate cancers on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) examinations from a different institution and acquired on different scanners than those used for the training database.

This study aimed to identify clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) histopathological grade and differentiate it from fat-poor angiomyolipoma (AML). This was achieved through contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) T1 mapping with intravenous low-dose gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA).

Knowing the demerits of the transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy has led to a shift in the general techniques and technology of the prostate biopsy. In addition, the advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and the evidence from the PROMIS trial about its ability to detect clinically significant tumours encourage urologists and industry to implement MRI-guided targeted biopsy.

This review article aims to provide an overview on the principles of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and its applications in the imaging of the prostate. DW-MRI with regards to different applications for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and characterization, local staging as well as for active surveillance (AS) and tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) will be discussed.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy (MRI-TB) improves the detection of prostate cancer. These biopsies typically involve both a 12-core systematic biopsy (SB) and MRI-TB of the lesion.

To evaluate the differences in prostate cancer detection rate and biopsy effectiveness between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) target biopsy (TB) and transperineal standard biopsy (SB) in biopsy-naïve patients.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - The topic of prostate segmentation using MRI might have been of little interest to urologists several years ago.

Traditional prostate imaging is fairly limited, and only a few imaging modalities have been used for this purpose. Until today, grey scale ultrasound was the most widely used method for the characterization of the prostatic gland, however its limitations for prostate cancer (PCa) detection are well known and hence ultrasound is primarily used to localize the prostate and facilitate template prostate biopsies.

The incidence of small renal masses (SRM) has been increasing, and this is mainly attributed to the incidental finding of such masses on imaging performed in asymptomatic patients. Consequently, this calls for careful evaluation and management of these masses to determine their nature and need for treatment.

In recent years, active surveillance has been increasingly adopted as a conservative management approach to low and sometimes intermediate risk prostate cancer, to avoid or delay treatment until there is evidence of higher risk disease.

Extracting the high-level feature representation by using deep neural networks for detection of prostate cancer, and then based on high-level feature representation for constructing hierarchical classification to refine the detection results.

After radical prostatectomy (RP), biochemical recurrence (BCR) is associated with an increased risk of developing distant metastasis and prostate cancer specific and overall mortality.

The two-centre study included 521 consecutive patients undergoing RP for positive pre-biopsy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologically proven prostate cancer (PCa), after which a combination scheme of fusion-targeted biopsy (TB) and systematic biopsy was performed.

To compare the performance of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) to that of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in combination with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients with PSA serum levels of 4∼10ng/mL.

The Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (SPI-WG) appointed by the board of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) has produced recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the scrotum.

Individualized risk-adapted algorithms in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis using predictive prebiopsy variables in addition to prostate-specific antigen value may result in a considerable reduction of unnecessary systematic biopsies.

The aim of this review article is to provide insight into the optimization of 1.5-Testla (T) and 3-T prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An approach for optimization of data quantification, especially diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), is provided.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a major prostate cancer (PCa) treatment-related morbidity. It has been reported that post-prostatectomy UI is related to the width of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and the length of the urethra.

Risk-based patient selection for systematic biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis has been adopted in daily clinical practice, either by clinical judgment and PSA testing, or using multivariate risk prediction tools.

The steadily increasing demand for diagnostic prostate MRI has led to concerns regarding the lack of access to, and the availability of qualified MRI scanners, and sufficiently experienced radiologists and radiographers/technologists to meet the demand.

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in biopsy-naïve patients has been strengthened by recent developments such as the PIRADS V2 criteria, which cover acquisition, interpretation, and reporting for clinical practice and data collection for research.

To investigate if supervised machine learning (ML) classifiers would be able to predict clinically significant cancer (sPC) from a set of quantitative image-features and to compare these results with established PI-RADS v2 assessment scores.

To assess whether data from pre-therapeutic multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) combined with three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3D MRS) provide prognostic factors of biochemical relapse in patients with localized prostate cancer treated by external radiotherapy or brachytherapy.

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently indispensable in the preoperative setting of biopsy-proven prostate cancer, the value of preoperative MRI for predicting prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) is not well known.

Accurate diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer is essential in identifying patients who should be offered treatment with curative intent. Modifications to the Gleason grading system in recent years show that accurate grading and reporting at needle biopsy can improve identification of clinically significant prostate cancers.

Sarcomatoid differentiation in renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) is histologically characterized by anaplastic changes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes, which has been associated with a poor prognosis.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors among the male population. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), standardized by the PI-RADS version 2.1 scoring system, has a fundamental role in detecting prostate cancer and evaluating its aggressiveness.

The fear of undergrading prostate cancer (PCa) in men on active surveillance (AS) have led to strict criteria for monitoring, which have resulted in good long-term cancer-specific survival, proving the safety of this approach.

Prostate MRI has been integrated into the diagnostic work-up for men at risk of having clinically significant cancer in multiple clinical care guidelines. Owing to the low false-negative rate of prostate MRI accompanying a sensitivity averaging 91%, we can reduce biopsies (by 30%) and indolent cancer detection, while maintaining (or even improving) detection of significant cancers, compared to systematic biopsy.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of death in the United States, but the vast majority of men diagnosed with PCa will die from other causes. While historically the capability of assessing the risk of life-threatening versus indolent PCa has relied heavily on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has emerged as the leading tool for detection and characterization of clinically significant PCa.

To evaluate the association between texture parameters based on bi-parametric MRI and Gleason score (GS) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and to evaluate diagnostic performance of any significant parameter for discriminating clinically significant cancer (CSC, GS ≥ 7) from non-CSC.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy (MRI-biopsy) detects high-Grade Group (GG) prostate cancers not identified by systematic biopsy (S-biopsy). However, questions have been raised whether cancers detected by MRI-biopsy and S-biopsy, grade-for-grade, are of equivalent oncologic risk.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Since the publication of our initial experience with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel spacer use in 5 patients undergoing prostate seed implantation, the hydrogel has now been successfully used in 43 patients, including 10 seed brachytherapy patients, 10 high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) patients, 15 external beam radiotherapy patients, and 8 post-seed implant patients who were found to have suboptimal rectal dose (rectal volume receiving prescribed dose exceeds 1.3 cubic centimetres) at the time of their day 30 post-implant dosimetric assessment .

While many institutions perform MRI during the work-up of urinary bladder cancer, others use MRI rarely if at all, possibly due to a variation in the reported staging accuracy and unfamiliarity with the potential benefits of performing MRI.