Germ Cell Tumors Articles

Testicular cancer occupies a special position in several respects. Although it belongs to the group of rare tumors, which is why extensive experience in treating this tumor can not be guaranteed, interdisciplinary experts collaboration and the consequent implementation of clinical studies have resulted in standardized treatment recommendations.

To quantify the prognostic impact of age on relapse and mortality in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT).

Electronical medical records of 1,225 TGCT patients who were treated at a single academic center between 1994 and 2015 were reviewed.

Testicular cancer is overall rare but comprises the most common solid malignancy diagnosed in young men aged ∼20-40 years. Most testicular neoplasms generally fall into two broad categories: germ cell tumors (GCTs; ∼95%) and sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs ∼5%).

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Patients with advanced germ cell tumours may present with metastatic disease at several sites.

Staging of testicular germ cell tumours is essential for treatment planning and prognosis[1]. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is one key parameter that establishes pT2 in pathologic staging and Prognostic Stage Group IB for both seminoma and mixed germ cell tumours otherwise limited to the testis [1].

Seminoma accounts for 30-50% of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT)-the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15-35 years. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition (2018) created the subclassifications pT1a (tumor size < 3 cm) and pT1b (≥ 3 cm), despite not being universally recognized.

The classical serum tumor markers used routinely in the management of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients-alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-show important limitations.

The pattern of immune cell distribution in testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) significantly differs from the immune environment in normal testicular tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of different leukocyte subpopulation in GCTs.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease.

We aimed to define the time course, pathophysiology, and approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

One of the main issues in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) management is to reduce the necessary amount of treatment to achieve cure. Excess treatment burden may arise from late diagnosis of the primary as well as from false positive or negative staging results.

While the majority of patients with advanced testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) achieve complete responses after chemotherapy and if indicated after postchemotherapy resection of residual lesions, about 20% of patients have incomplete responses or show relapses.

It is unknown whether five-year overall survival (OS) differs and to what extent between testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) patients and age-matched male population-based controls.

We identified newly diagnosed (2004-2014) TGCT patients within Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 2004-2019.

The accurate identification of different components in testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) is essential for tailoring treatment and informing the clinical prognosis. PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma), a member in the family of cancer testis antigens, plays critical roles in regulating pluripotency and suppressing somatic/germ cell differentiation in seminomas (SEM).

This review will focus on biomarkers in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), focusing on microRNAs with high potential clinical application to drive management of TGCT. We explore the mechanism of action of microRNAs, literature to date, and how microRNAs may be incorporated into clinical practice in the near future.

Testis cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in young men. Most cases represent sporadic occurrences. Most commonly it presents at an early stage (clinical stage I) and is highly curable with radical orchiectomy.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most frequent malignancy in young adult men and have one the highest heritability rates among all cancers. A recent multicenter case-control study identified CHEK2 as the first moderate-penetrance TGCT predisposition gene.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a heterogeneous neoplasm family affecting gonads and rarely occurring in extragonadal areas. Most of patients have a good prognosis, often even in the presence of metastatic disease; however, in almost 15% of cases, tumor relapse and platinum resistance are the main challenges.

Cytotoxic chemotherapy can cure advanced germ cell tumors. Nevertheless, cancer treatment may induce cellular senescence and accelerate molecular aging. The aging process implies an increase of cells expressing p16INK4a and changes in lymphocyte subpopulations.

Germ cell tumors are the most common malignant tumors in male young adults. Platinum-based chemotherapy has dramatically improved the outcome of metastatic germ cell tumor patients and overall cure rates now exceed 80%.

Active germ cell malignancies express high levels of specific circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs), including miR-371a-3p (miR371), which is undetectable in teratoma. Teratoma markers are urgently needed for theselection of patients and treatments because of the risk of malignant transformation and growing teratoma syndrome.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common solid malignancy in adolescent and young men, with a rising incidence over the past 20 years. Overall, TGCTs are second in terms of the average life years lost per person dying of cancer, and clinical therapeutics without adverse long-term side effects are lacking.

TGCTs represent a model of curable disease afflicting especially young men. Defining tumor biological characteristics is crucial to increase current knowledge and tailor the best clinical management.

In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate lymph node (LN) density in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) to analyze whether residual mass after chemotherapy might behave as predicting factor for recurrence in patients with germ cell testicular cancer (GCTC).

HDCT and peripheral-blood stem-cell transplant (PBSCT) can cure up to 60% of pts with relapsed mGCT. Maintenance daily oral etoposide after salvage therapy has demonstrated potential clinical benefit.

Experience demonstrates multiple paths to cure for patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer. Because all options should provide a long-term disease-free rate near 100%, overall survival is no longer relevant in decision making, allowing practitioners to factor in quality of life, toxicity, cost, and impact on compliance.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a public health emergency, affecting frail populations including cancer patients. This poses the question as to whether cancer treatments can be postponed or modified without compromising their efficacy, especially for highly curable cancers such as germ cell tumors (GCTs).

Incidental detection of urogenital tumors has increased in recent decades owing to the greater use of ultrasonography and cross-sectional imaging. For patients with low-risk prostate cancer or small renal masses, active surveillance represents a valid treatment option.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) are the most common testicular neoplasms. The morphological spectrum of such tumors is wide, with several histological subtypes within each group.

Testicular germ cell tumors are among the most common malignancies seen in children and young adults. Genomic studies have identified characteristic molecular profiles in testicular cancer, which are associated with histologic subtypes and may predict clinical behavior including treatment responses.

Determining the metastatic viability of suspicious retroperitoneal nodes in testicular cancer with conventional imaging is challenging. The aim of this report is to review recent evidence in the utilization of novel imaging modalities to assess viable testicular cancer nodal metastases.

Germ-cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy in young men. There is a paucity of data on GCTs in developing countries. LACOG 0515 study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with GCTs from Brazilian cancer centers.

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common tumor in young men. Their distinctive feature is the exceptional response to platin based combination chemotherapy.Since the prognosis is poor in relapsed and refractory patients, the immune checkpoint inhibitors are candidate agents in these patients although clinical trials are mostly lacking.

Adolescents with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are often treated with regimens developed for children, but their clinical characteristics more closely resemble those of young adult patients.

Data on the outcome and prognostic indicators in extracranial relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (rel/ref-GCTs) in children are limited to a few studies. This study looks at remission rates and outcomes of rel/ref-GCTs treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy (SC) regimens without stem cell rescue at a single center in the developing world.

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are highly curable malignancies. Excellent survival rates in patients with metastatic disease can be attributed to the exceptional sensitivity of GCTs to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Therapeutic options for patients with chemoresistant germ cell tumors (GCT) are limited. Pazopanib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor with distinct antiangiogenic activity. We aimed to evaluate pazopanib activity in patients with refractory GCT.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term treatment results of patients with primary mediastinal seminoma.

Sixteen patients aged 21-46 diagnosed with primary mediastinal seminoma between 1983 and 2014.

Background While an elevated risk of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) has been observed in men treated for germ cell tumors (GCTs), risk of SMNs have not been quantified in adult women nor in girls treated for GCTs.

We conducted a retrospective National Cancer Registry study in Austria to assess a possible seasonal variation in the clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In total, 3615 testicular cancer diagnoses were identified during an 11-year period from 2008 to 2018.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are strikingly heterogeneous, reflecting a complex tumor model, posing serious challenges for pathologists. Accurate classification and staging, according to most recent systems, is fundamental.

To assess if clinical, pathological, and spermatogenesis factors are associated with clinical staging in patients with testicular germ cell tumors.

We retrospectively reviewed the pathology reports and slides from 267 men who underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer at our institution during 1998-2019.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are developmental cancers, tightly linked to embryogenesis and germ cell development. The recent and expanding field of RNA modifications is being increasingly implicated in such molecular events, as well as in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, but still rarely explored in GCTs.

We investigated the prognostic utility of pre-chemotherapy neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) undergoing first-line chemotherapy. We utilized two institutional databases to analyze the pretreatment-derived NLR (dNLR).

Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy has a proved role in the staging and treatment of metastatic testicular cancer.

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are stratified into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas share many histological and molecular features with primordial germ cells, whereas the non-seminoma stem cell population - embryonal carcinoma (EC) - is pluripotent and thus able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers (teratomas).

To determine whether complete blood count (CBC) based inflammatory parameters can be used as markers predicting testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT).

Between 2013 to 2018 the data of 58 patients with testicular TGCT undergoing radical orchiectomy and 54 malignancy-free healthy men were retrospectively analyzed as tumor group and control group.

Men with advanced germ cell tumors (GCT) treated with chemotherapy are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Predictors of VTE may identify patients who would benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation.

Primary mediastinal nonseminoma germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) are a subgroup of nonseminoma germ cell tumors (GCT) with poor prognosis. In this study, PMNSGCT-specific genomic landscape was analyzed and correlated with clinical outcomes.