Diagnosis Articles

The current definition of urinary tract infection (UTI) relies on laboratory and clinical findings, which may or may not be relevant, depending upon the patient group under consideration. This report considers the utility of current definitions for UTI in adults with and without underlying neurological conditions in order to identify gaps in current understanding and to recommend directions for research.

While varicocele is the most common cause of surgically correctable infertility in adult males, with repair resulting in improved semen parameters in 60% to 80% of men and a higher likelihood of conception in up to 60% of men, the rationale for varicocele repair in the pediatric population is less clear.

Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease and could be secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT is traditionally characterised with hypercalcaemia. Recently, a normocalcemic PHPT has been officially recognised at the International Workshops.

The chemokine ligands and their receptors play critical roles in cancer progression and patients outcomes. We found that CXCL13 was significantly upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with normal tissues in both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and a validated cohort of 90 pairs ccRCC tissues.

To assess changes in diagnosis prostate cancer (PCa) grade, biopsy and treatment approach over a decade (2011-2020) at a population level within a clinical quality cancer registry.

Patients diagnosed by prostate biopsy between 2011 and 2020 were retrieved from the Victorian Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry, a prospective, state-wide clinical quality registry in Australia.

The risk of high-grade prostate cancer, given a family history of cancer, has been described in the general population, but not among men selected for prostate biopsy in an international cohort.

To estimate the risk of high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy based on a family history of cancer.

The impact of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave on cancer patient management was measured within the nationwide network of the Unicancer comprehensive cancer centers in France.

The number of patients diagnosed and treated within 17 of the 18 Unicancer centers was collected in 2020 and compared with that during the same periods between 2016 and 2019.

In <10% of patients with prostatitis syndrome, a causative uropathogenic organism can be detected. It has been shown that certain organisms that cause sexually transmitted infections can also cause chronic bacterial prostatitis, which can be hard to diagnose and treat appropriately because prostatic samples obtained by prostatic massage are not routinely tested to detect them.

PURPOSE - The diagnosis of Gleason score (GS) ≥7 with distinction from GS < 7 remains a difficult problem instructing clinical decisions. Moreover, the present wide application of prostate biopsy to increase prostate cancer detection rate might cause unnecessary and excessive examination or treatment.

To develop a new score system for patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) ranging from 4 to 20 ng/mL to improve the accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) detection, and to evaluate it with receiver operating characteristic curve.

The pathologic diagnosis and Gleason grading of prostate cancer are time-consuming, error-prone, and subject to interobserver variability. Machine learning offers opportunities to improve the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognostication of prostate cancer.

This study was designed to evaluate the significance of transperineal two-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis and classification of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

A total of 87 preoperative SUI patients (group A) from the Department of Gynecology of Peking University People's Hospital were included into this study.

To assess the adherence to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) in Spain.

Epidemiological, population-based, study including a national representative sample of 3,918 incident patients with histopathological confirmation during 2010; 95% of the patient's sample was followed up for at least one year.

Many liquid biomarkers have entered clinical practice with the praise to improve the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), helping avoid unnecessary prostate biopsies.

We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of multianalyte biomarkers for csPCa detection using multiple thresholds.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The search for alternative diagnostic techniques is still ongoing.

Purpose: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for local staging of bladder cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods: The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for related literatures about BCa diagnosed by mp-MRI from January 1, 2000 to April 12, 2019.

Urological guidelines recommend multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in men with a suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa). The resulting increase in MRI demand might place health care systems under substantial stress.

Survivin is a promising marker for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The accuracy and clinical value of urinary survivin mRNA expression were compared with urine cytology, which is the standard diagnostic method for bladder cancer.

Urine cytokeratin 20 (CK20) has been reported as a novel diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer (BC). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of urine CK20 for BC.

A systematic search for literatures was performed till March 31, 2018.

Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer (PC) detection has led to extensive overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Urine-based microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers could be useful in PC diagnosis and prognosis.

As the most common histologic subtype of renal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) poses a serious threat to public health. However, there are no specific molecular-targeted drugs for ccRCC at present.

Elevated mRNA expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT mRNA) is common in many types of tumors, participating in tumor growth and progression. Such expression has not been sufficiently examined in renal cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become a prevalent malignant disease in males globally. Accumulating data suggested that hsa-microRNAs (miRNAs) could be potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis due to their important roles in the cell cycle.

Successful treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) relies heavily on our ability to accurately detect disease typically in the presence of hematuria as well as to detect the early recurrent tumors in patients with a history of NMIBC.

The 5-yr survival of early-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is approximately 93%, but once metastasised, the 5-yr survival plummets to 12%, indicating that early RCC detection is crucial to improvement in survival.

To gain new insights into the origin and prevention of diagnostic delays in the evaluation of hematuria in an electronic health record (EHR)-based integrated care setting.

We performed a retrospective review of 298 consecutive patients with new-onset hematuria at a Veterans Affairs facility from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 excluding those where diagnostic evaluation was unnecessary (i.

To identify clinicopathological or radiological factors that may predict a diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UTUC) to inform which patients can proceed directly to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) without the delay for diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS).

Currently, bladder cancer (BC) surveillance consists of periodic white light cystoscopy and urinary cytology (UC). However, both diagnostic tools have limitations. Therefore, to improve the management of recurrent BC, novel, innovative diagnostic tests are needed.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) category IV prostatitis is a painless prostate gland inflammation, just as its name implies, this type of prostatitis is related with inflammation of the prostate, but most men are not conscious of it.

To investigate the diagnostic role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TB) for prostate cancer (PCa) in biopsy-naïve men.

Own control studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2018 were identified via a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library.

The goal of this study was to compare the International Prostate Symptom Storage Subscore (IPSS-s) and the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) as tools for assessing the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB).

The European Association of Urology guidelines recommend offering kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) as a primary treatment option to patients with low-risk tumours. Cystoscopy, urinary cytology, and computed tomography urography (CTU) do not always allow correct disease staging and grading, and sometimes there is even a lack of certainty regarding the diagnosis of UTUC.

Urine cytology can reliably diagnose high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but not low-grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC), and a more sensitive test is needed. Previously, a pilot study highlighted the possible diagnostic utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in identifying both LGUC and HGUC in urine cytology specimens.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and NGAL/MMP-9 complex have been evaluated as diagnostic markers of several cancers, but results for bladder cancer are scanty.

To critically appraise and evaluate the diagnostic value of symptoms and signs in identifying UTI in older adult outpatients, using evidence from observational studies.

We searched Medline and Medline in process, Embase and Web of Science, from inception up to September 2017.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of telomerase activity (TA) for bladder cancer (BC) by meta-analysis.

We conducted a systematic search of studies published on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to June 1, 2019.

We aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of transperineal ultrasound in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) using evidence-based methods.

A comprehensive search of the studies on the diagnosis of SUI by transperineal ultrasound in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Medicine, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.

This study is a meta-analysis and aims to determine the value of urinary survivin for detecting bladder cancer (BC) on the basis of preceding statistical performance and to compare their diagnostic value.

To investigate the possibility of iodine quantification during a single nephrographic phase in characterizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes and if there is a difference between areal and volumetric iodine quantification methods.

To evaluate the significance of mast cell infiltration in interstitial cystitis (IC) by comparison with equally inflamed controls using a digital quantification technique.

Bladder biopsy specimens from 31 patients with Hunner type IC and 38 patients with non-Hunner type IC were analyzed.

The National Research Council (CNR) prostate cancer monitoring project in Italy (Pros-IT CNR) is an observational, prospective, ongoing, multicentre study aiming to monitor a sample of Italian males diagnosed as new cases of prostate cancer.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are predominant in young males (15-44 years). Seminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs account for about 98% of all TGCTs cases. In this study, we aimed to compare the sperm proteome of patients with seminomatous and non-seminomatous TGCTs to identify possible protein biomarkers that could help distinguish between them in a non-invasive manner.

The correct risk categorization and staging of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is key for disease management. Computed tomography urography (CTU) and urinary cytology have limited accuracy for risk stratification of UTUC.

To explore the influence of the microbiota of prostate secretion on the clinical status of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

This was an observational, single-center, comparative study.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytology to diagnose bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) as well as the outcome of patients with a positive urine cytology and normal haematuria investigations in patients in a multicentre prospective observational study of patients investigated for haematuria.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This form of cancer is characterized by resistance to traditional therapies and an increased likelihood of metastasis.

Growing evidence proved the efficacy of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided targeted biopsy (TB) in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, but there is no direct comparison between mpMRI-TB and PSMA PET/CT-TB.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is useful for selected clinical indications in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) but it may have broader clinical utility owing to the emergence of lutetium-177-PSMA-617 ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA) therapy.

The European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines provide recommendations for the management of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).

To present a summary of the 2020 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa).