Randomized Controlled Trial Articles

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 has been previously demonstrated to be noninferior to docetaxel in achieving a biochemical response in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 (177Lu-PSMA-617) in end-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has reported favourable outcomes. In this study, we aimed to prospectively compare the efficacy and safety of 177Lu-PSMA-617 and docetaxel in chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients.

Many patients experience pain, anxiety, and discomfort with prostate biopsy, which may discourage enrollment in active surveillance programs or follow-up biopsy. Guided meditation can significantly reduce pain and anxiety during percutaneous biopsy.

In a prior open-label study, the combination of dalantercept, a novel antiangiogenic targeting activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), plus axitinib was deemed safe and tolerable with a promising efficacy signal in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Existing evidence demonstrates that 1:1 personal training (PT) improves many adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Whether less resource-intensive exercise delivery models are as effective remains to be established.

The significance of metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer has been widely discussed, and targeted therapy for progressive sites is a feasible option as a multidisciplinary treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following local therapies often use natural supplements in an attempt to delay metastases and/or avoid the need for more aggressive treatments with undesirable side-effects.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is reported to be widely used in the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which consists of two procedures: enucleation and morcellation.

Around 15% of the Hong Kong population was found to suffer from overactive bladder (OAB), but the current available treatments, such as medication, behavioral therapy and physical therapy are unsatisfactory.

The primary endpoint of this phase II study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of the investigational compound, AGS-16C3F, versus axitinib in previosuly treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was not met.

We evaluated whether placement of a retropubic urethral sling fashioned from autologous vas deferens during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) improved recovery of continence.

In a phase-2, single-blinded trial, age-stratified patients were randomized to undergo RARP by multiple surgeons with or without sling placement.

To review the status of comparative effectiveness studies for kidney stone disease with focus on study outcome, type, population, time trends, and patient centered approaches.

A systematic scoping review was performed for articles published between January 1, 2005, and March 30, 2021, using keywords relevant to kidney stone disease.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common condition affecting men of all ages. Acupuncture may be an effective treatment option for CP/CPPS, but evidence is limited. We propose to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in a rigorously conducted trial.

To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for erectile dysfunction (ED).

We searched six major English and Chinese databases included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing acupuncture alone or in combination for ED.

Surgery is the most common treatment for localized small kidney masses (SKMs) up to 4 cm, despite a lack of evidence for improved overall survival. Nonsurgical management options are gaining recognition, as evidence supports the indolence of most SKMs.

Safety concerns with the use of mesh in vaginal surgery have been ongoing. Autologous fascial slings (AFS) avoid foreign body complications. We compared the long-term (17-year) outcomes of two AFS repair methods-the standard sling and short sling (sling-on-string), and assessed durability and patient satisfaction of these for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Previous studies have reported the clinical efficacy of avanafil for erectile dysfunction (ED), but these findings are controversial. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of avanafil for ED.

To assess the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin treatment (onabotulinumtoxinA 200 units) for Japanese patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis.

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) are effective and safe therapies for overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in adults. However, few randomized sham-controlled trials have been conducted in a pediatric population.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) occur very commonly in older men. BPH and LUTS cause substantial physical and psychological impairment that could seriously affect the quality of late life and greatly cost the health-care systems.

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common in middle-aged and elderly men. The current drugs for treating this disease include α1-adrenoceptor antagonists (ABs), muscarinic receptor antagonists (MRAs), phosphodiesterase five inhibitors (PDE5-Is), and β3-adrenoceptor agonists (B3As).

Despite encouraging results, the optimal low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiST) protocol in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) remains unknown. We conducted a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial aiming to compare the efficacy and safety of six LiST sessions applied once or twice weekly.

Low-energy radiofrequency (RF) thermal vaginal therapy for vaginal laxity and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause denatures collagen fibrils in the endopelvic fascia; fiber tightening during healing may stabilize the urethra and bladder neck, thereby resolving female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), especially in postmenopausal women.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can recur despite transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) that clears macroscopic disease, partly from re-implantation of exfoliated cells. Immediate instillation of intravesical chemotherapy (IC) can reduce recurrence, is guideline-recommended but is under-utilized.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects around 20% of women. In addition to the established suburethral sling insertion, two less invasive approaches are of interest today: urethral bulking agents and vaginal laser therapy.

After pelvic reconstructive surgery, the risk of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is significant; intraoperative cystoscopy may contribute to this risk. Intravesical antibiotics are used in the ambulatory setting and may be applied to the surgical arena.

Cancer-related fatigue is a common problem in persons with cancer, influencing health-related quality of life and causing a considerable challenge to society. Current evidence supports the beneficial effects of physical exercise in reducing fatigue, but the results across studies are not consistent, especially in terms of exercise intensity.

Financial toxicity, the material and psychological burden of the cost of treatment, affects 30-50% of people with cancer, even those with health insurance. The burden of treatment cost can affect treatment adherence and, ultimately, mortality.

To investigate the additional benefit of acupuncture to pelvic floor exercise (PFE) on the improvement of urinary incontinence (UI) and quality of life (QoL) in women.

This was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial in a tertiary university hospital.

Overactive bladder is defined as "urgency, with or without urge incontinence, usually with frequency and nocturia". Electroacupuncture may be a safe and an effective alternative therapy for overactive bladder, but the evidence is limited.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of essential oil treatment for type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

A randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2014 to October 2015.

To prove the effectiveness of puboprostatic ligament-preserving robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical (RARP) on enhancing early continence.

Ninety-two patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate scheduled for RARP from April 2018 to January 2019 were prospectively single-blinded and randomized into two groups, standard RARP (Group A) and puboprostatic ligament-sparing RARP (Group B).

We evaluated the effects of pulsed magnetic stimulation (PMS) on overall and different aspects of quality of life (QoL) in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

This study involved 120 female SUI subjects aged ≥21 years old randomized to either active or sham PMS.

The need of ureteric access sheath (UAS) in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has been controversial for gaining high success in terms of stone free rate (SFR), reducing operative times and complications.

To evaluate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

We searched 12 databases electronically from inception to November 2018 without language restrictions.

To (i) compare the acceptance of a newly developed, novel biofeedback device (PelviSense) with that of conventional biofeedback (CB) using an intravaginal probe for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, (ii) examine the feasibility and safety of using the PelviSense device as a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training (PFMT) adjunct, and (iii) compare the PFMT adherence and effectiveness of CB, the PelviSense device, with PFMT alone for women with SUI.

Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent in women while pelvic floor muscle training is recommended as the first-line therapy. However, the exact treatment regimen is poorly understood. Also, patients with pelvic floor muscle damage may have decreased muscle proprioception and cannot contract their muscles properly.

Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) has been proposed as an effective non-invasive treatment option for erectile dysfunction (ED).

To use systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of Li-ESWT by comparing change in erectile function as assessed by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) in men undergoing Li-ESWT vs sham therapy for the treatment of ED.

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a serious and common complication after spinal cord injury, affecting patients' quality of life seriously. Therefore, we developed this research protocol to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive functional magnetic stimulation (rFMS) in the sacral nerve in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide more options for rFMS in treating NDO after suprasacral SCI.

We evaluated whether vaginal tampon training (VTT) combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) results in better outcomes than PFMT alone for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

This was a randomized, controlled study.

OnabotulinumtoxinA is used widely for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess its efficacy and safety for neurogenic detrusor overactivity treatment.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation (VDS) plus standard urotherapy (SU) in managing overactive bladder dry (OAB-dry) in children.

A 3-arm, randomized clinical trial was performed at an academic center in China between January 2023 to June 2023.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical KRP-116D, 50% dimethyl sulfoxide solution compared with placebo, in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients.

Japanese interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients with an O'Leary-Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index score of ≥9, who exhibited the bladder-centric phenotype of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome diagnosed by cystoscopy and bladder-derived pain, were enrolled.

We aimed to assess onabotulinumtoxinA treatment outcomes by sex in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) and then explore the impact of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men.

Patients inadequately managed with OAB medications were randomized to receive single-dose onabotulinumtoxinA (100 U) or placebo intravesical injection in a phase III trial in Japan.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition that remains challenging to treat. We hypothesized that skin-adhesive low-level light therapy (LLLT) would be an effective treatment for OAB caused by bladder muscle contraction.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) affects many adult men worldwide. The currently available therapies offer little or no proven benefit for CP/CPPS. We designed this study to assess the efficacy of acupuncture therapy for the treatment of CP/CPPS.

Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for men with localized prostate cancer. This technique is associated with post-operative urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a conservative, painless and economical treatment for this specific situation.

The efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture was compared to those of sham electroacupuncture for the treatment of postmenopausal women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

This study was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial that recruited 504 women with SUI and randomized 349 postmenopausal women to receive 18 treatment sessions of electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture over 6 weeks, with a 24-week follow-up assessment.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has played an important role in recovery management for radical cystectomy with ileal urinary diversion (RC-IUD). This study is to evaluate ERAS compared with the conventional recovery after surgery (CRAS) for RC-IUD.

Both enzalutamide and abiraterone have demonstrated improved radiographic progression-free and overall survival for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared with placebo controls before docetaxel treatment in phase III studies.