To further characterize the association of male infertility with health risks by evaluating semen quality and cancer risk in family members.
Retrospective, cohort study.
Not applicable.
A total of 12,889 men undergoing SA and 12,889 fertile control subjects that had first-degree relative (FDR) data (n = 130,689) and 8,032 men with SA and 8,032 fertile control subjects with complete second-degree relative (SDR) data (n = 247,204) were identified through the UPDB.