With the worldwide increase in urolithiasis prevalence, the present study aimed to delineate and summarise recent evolutions in training for the management of urolithiasis.
A PubMed search using the key words "simulation", "training", "ureteroscopy", "RIRS", "URS", "percutaneous nephrolithotomy", "PCNL", "virtual reality", "augmented reality", "artificial intelligence", "healthcare", "curriculum", and "assessment" was used to examine how education and training in urolithiasis have adapted over recent years.