Randomized Controlled Trials Articles

Given the long-term, although potentially fatal, nature of prostate cancer, there is increasing observational evidence for the reduction in disease progression and mortality through changes in lifestyle factors.

To assess the effects of alpha-blockers compared to standard therapy or placebo for ureteral stones 1 cm and less confirmed by imaging in adult patients presenting with symptoms of ureteral stone disease.

To assess the effects of desmopressin as compared to other interventions in the treatment of nocturia in men.

We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases and abstract proceedings with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status, up until August 2017.

We sought to determine whether baseline characteristics predict which overactive bladder (OAB) patients benefit from fesoterodine 8 mg versus 4 mg.

In double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose trials, baseline characteristics of OAB patients with ≥ 1 urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes/24 h who escalated from fesoterodine 4 mg to 8 mg were evaluated.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in the prevention of bladder cancer using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Fourteen RCTs were included in the final analysis.

To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 2-micron laser and conventional trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor (NMIBT), providing evidence-based evidence for clinical treatment.

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of propiverine for treating overactive bladder (OAB) in adult. A literature review was performed to identify all published randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCT) of propiverine for the treatment of OAB.

The aim of this study was to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron and vibegron in patients with overactive bladder.

A systematic search was performed on Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases to identify studies from the date of database inception to January 1, 2022.

Among the numerous therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) only few have been assessed with a sufficient level of evidence. Safety and efficacy of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) has been shown in several open-label and comparative clinical trials with different populations including two meta-analyses.

Screening for prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial even if the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) has shown a 21% relative reduction in PCa mortality. The Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer is the largest component of the ERSPC and showed statistically non-significant 16% mortality benefit in a separate analysis.

Precise cause of death (CoD) ascertainment is crucial in any cancer screening trial to avoid bias from misclassification due to excessive recording of diagnosed cancer as a CoD in death certificates instead of non-cancer disease that actually caused death.

Informed consent for randomized trials often causes significant and persistent anxiety, distress and confusion to patients. Where an experimental treatment is compared to a standard care control, much of this burden is potentially avoidable in the control group.

We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy and safety of continuous saline bladder irrigation compared with intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the efficacy and safety of the combination of tamsulosin plus dutasteride compared with tamsulosin monotherapy in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) during a treatment cycle of at least 1 year.

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirabegron add-on therapy to solifenacin for patients with overactive bladder (OAB).

We conducted a systematic literature review to identify all randomized, double-blind, controlled trials (RCTs) of this combination (mirabegron and solifenacin) for OAB.

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mirabegron (50 mg) and solifenacin (5 mg) monotherapy for overactive bladder (OAB) during a 12-week cycle.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mirabegron and solifenacin for OAB were searched systematically by using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent in aging men. Tadalafil daily and on-demand are widely used for the treatment of ED.

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil daily compared with tadalafil on-demand in treating men with ED after at least 24 weeks of long-term treatment.

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to radical cystectomy (RC) develop well in the past decades. We performed the present study to compare the perioperative outcomes, pathological outcomes, and oncologic outcomes between MIS approaches and open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer.

This network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of several treatments for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PC). The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of treatments for advanced/metastatic PC.

Objective: With the increasing recognition of the over-diagnosis and over-treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), the choice of a better prostate biopsy strategy had confused both the patients and clinical surgeons.

What are the primary outcomes and outcome measures used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating potential treatments for male infertility in the last 10 years?

Outcome reporting across male infertility trials is heterogeneous with numerous definitions and measures used to define similar outcomes.

We previously introduced the concept of "two-stage" (or "just-in-time") informed consent for randomized trials with usual care control. We argued that conducting consent in two stages-splitting information about research procedures from information about the experimental intervention-would reduce the decisional anxiety, confusion, and information overload commonly associated with informed consent.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer (PCa) can reduce PCa mortality, but also involves over-detection of low-risk disease with potential adverse effects. We evaluated PCa incidence among men with PSA below 3 ng/mL and no PCa diagnosis at the first screening round of the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for PCa.

We aim to develop, disseminate and implement a minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, for future male infertility research.

Research into male infertility can be challenging to design, conduct and report.

This study evaluated the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for RCTs (original articles) on CP/CPPS published from database establishment to 2021.

Aims: Quality of life (QoL) assessment is frequently not included among the end points of clinical trials (CTs) on renal cell carcinoma. Herein we aimed to describe the assessment and reporting of QoL in Phase II and Phase III CTs published between 2010 and 2020.

Good radiotherapy reporting in clinical trials of prostate radiotherapy is important because it will allow accurate reproducibility of radiotherapy treatment and minimize treatment variations that can affect patient outcomes.

Quality-of-life (QoL) metrics' importance in patient care has been increasingly recognized and has led oncological societies to issue clinical guidances on their collection. We aim to describe how current RCTs shaping the EAU RCC Guidelines collect QoL metrics and how long they report them.

Kidney stone disease is characterized by a relatively high rate of recurrence. In our study, we analyzed the association between RSS and the risk of stone recurrence. Additionally, we examined the association between changes in RSS and of urinary composition after 1 week of medical treatment and the risk of recurrence.

Overactive bladder (OAB) disproportionately affects older-aged adults, yet most randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underrepresent patients ≥65. This systematic literature review (SLR) identified RCTs evaluating β-3 adrenergic agonists or muscarinic antagonists in elderly patients with OAB, and compared study quality across trials.

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). From July 2011 to June 2021, we finally selected 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 1,064 participants to evaluate the efficacy of LI-ESWT in the treatment of ED from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.

Male infertility is a global public health issue recognized by the WHO. Recently, antioxidants are increasingly used to treat idiopathic male infertility. However, the lack of available evidence has led to the inability to rank the effects of antioxidants on the sperm quality parameters and pregnancy rate of infertile men.

To verify the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women in a single treatment cycle lasting at least 6 weeks.

A preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) summary was followed correctly.

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adrenergic alpha-antagonists as a medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones in pediatric patients.

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases were searched up to January 2016.

This meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with large volume. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases (until March 2022) were used to search related randomized controlled trials.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of electrical stimulation (ES) in treating children with nocturnal enuresis (NE).

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the use of ES for the treatment of NE in children were searched using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disease in the middle-aged and elderly women, and physical therapy has gradually become the mainstream treatment of UI. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal electrical stimulation (IVES) in the treatment of UI.

Enrolment of racial/ethnic minorities in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has historically been poor, despite efforts at improving access to RCTs. Under-representation of racial/ethnic minorities limits the external validity and generalizability of trials.