Oncology Articles

Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) represents one hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa). However, restoration of PTEN or inhibition of the activated PI3K-AKT pathway has shown limited success, prompting us to identify obligate targets for disease intervention.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were added to the arsenal of clinical testing in 2004 for three cancer types: metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. CTCs were found to be an independent prognostic indicator of survival for these three diseases.

This analysis aimed to identify clinical factors associated with positivity on repeat 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT after a negative scan in patients with recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) under observation. Methods: This single-center, retrospective analysis included patients who underwent at least 2 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans (PET1 and PET2) at UCLA between October 2016 and June 2021 for recurrent PCa with negative PET1 and no PCa-related treatments between the 2 scans.

We aimed to clarify the characteristics of malignancies in older adults focusing on distant metastasis in the whole body.

We retrospectively evaluated 7710 cases of autopsies (4011 men, 3699 women, median age of 80 years), and analyzed the characteristics of metastasis of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in each organ.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), with increasing numbers of men on ADT for longer. Limited evidence suggests ADT impacts cognition. This study addressed gaps in the literature by focusing on older men with PCa and assessing ADT usage longer than 1 year.

Cancer survivors commonly report symptoms of impaired cognition. This project examined effectiveness of a behavioral skills training intervention to improve cognition and reduce cognitive dysfunction symptoms in cancer survivors.

Cancer diagnostics and surgery have been disrupted by the response of healthcare services to the COVID-19 pandemic. Progression of cancers during delay will impact on patient long-term survival.

We generated per-day hazard ratios of cancer progression from observational studies and applied these to age-specific, stage-specific cancer survival for England 2013-2017.

CTLA-4 blockade with ipilimumab is Food and Drug Administration-approved for melanoma as a monotherapy and has been shown to modulate the circulating T-cell repertoire. We have previously reported clinical trials combining CTLA-4 blockade with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in metastatic melanoma patients and in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.

Patients undergoing prostate radiotherapy with an enlarged prostate can have short-term and long-term urinary complications. Currently, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the mainstay surgical intervention for men with urinary symptoms due to an enlarged prostate prior to radiotherapy.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a novel infection which has spread rapidly across the globe and currently presents a grave threat to the health of vulnerable patient populations like those with malignancy, elderly, and immunocompromised.

Prostate cancer patients who have undergone androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may experience cognitive impairment, yet there is an unmet need for nonpharmacological interventions to address cognitive impairment in this population.

According to the 2016 American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), clinicians should offer a 2nd intravesical induction course of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to patients with persistent or recurrent Ta or CIS disease after a 1st BCG induction course.

PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved overall survival (OS) in solid tumor trials; however, parallel improvements in RECIST-based surrogate endpoints, progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are not always observed.

To measure incremental expenses to an oncologic surgical practice for delivering a community-based, ostomy nurse-led, small-group, behavior skills-training intervention to help bladder and colorectal cancer survivors understand and adjust to their ostomies and improve their health-related quality of life, as well as assist family caregivers to understand survivors' needs and provide appropriate supportive care.

To review the challenges and concerns experienced by couples who are living as survivors of prostate cancer is substantial.

It is well established that exercise and lifestyle behaviours improve men's health outcomes from prostate cancer. With 3.8 million men living with the disease worldwide, the challenge is creating accessible intervention approaches that lead to sustainable lifestyle changes.

To examine differences in health-related behaviours such as screening or testing for cancer, use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and use of other medications in different diet groups.

We studied 31 260 participants across four diet groups (18 155 meat eaters, 5012 fish eaters, 7179 vegetarians, 914 vegans) in the UK EPIC-Oxford cohort.

Testicular germ cell tumors make up 0.5% of pediatric malignancies, and 14% of adolescent malignancies.

Young boys have primarily pure teratoma and pure yolk sac histologies; however, adolescent histology is mostly mixed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.

Depression in men with prostate cancer is a significant and complex issue that can challenge clinicians' diagnostic efforts. The objective of the current study was to evaluate prototypic and male-specific depression symptoms and suicidal ideation in men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer relative to those with and without comorbidity.

To evaluate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and depression and to identify the risk factors for depressive symptoms among prostate cancer patients who received ADT.

We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, controlled study and assessed three groups of older patients: the ADT group (men who were presented with maximum androgen block); the radical prostatectomy group (RP) (PCa control group: men who underwent radical prostatectomy without ADT); and the BPH group (men who had benign prostatic hyperplasia).

Determining the appropriate rate of radiotherapy (RT) utilization is important for health care planning and resource allocation. The difference between the observed and the appropriate RT rate is influenced by the choice of a criterion based benchmarking (CBB) or evidence-based estimates (EBEST) measure.

As there are few validated tools to identify treatment-related adverse events across cancer care settings, we sought to develop oncology-specific "triggers" to flag potential adverse events among cancer patients using claims data.

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) and 18F-labeled FDG PET for the detection of various tumors, we performed a head-to-head comparison of both imaging modalities across a range of tumor entities as part of our ongoing 68Ga-FAPI PET observational trial.

As part of the PIONEER (Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Enhancement Through the Power of Big Data in Europe) Consortium, we will explore which diagnostic and prognostic factors (DPFs) are currently being researched to previously defined clinical and patient-reported outcomes for prostate cancer (PCa).

To determine the effect of diagnostic ureteroscopy on intravesical recurrence in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterec¬tomy (RNU).

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 664 patients who were treated with RNU for UTUC from June 2000 to December 2011, excluding those who had concomitant/prior bladder tumors.

Defined by the TIME magazine "medical invention of the year 2000", positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) has experienced impressive improvements in technology and clinical applications over time.

To evaluate racial, gender, and socioeconomic differences in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and their impact on survival.

Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with mRCC in the National Cancer Database (2004-2015) were analyzed.

Loss-of-function alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are associated with human tumorigenesis and may determine benefit from immune-oncology (I/O) agents as shown in colon cancer. However, biologic significance and relevance to I/O in metastatic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) are unknown.

Recently, we reported that expression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We show that decitabine, a DNA hypomethylating agent, activates transposable element (TE) expression (LINE1 and ERVs ERV3-2 and ERV4700) and antiviral signaling to potentially enhance response to ICB in kidney cancer cell lines and primary cells.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET has a higher accuracy than CT and bone scans to stage patients with prostate cancer. We do not understand how to apply clinical trial data based on conventional imaging to patients staged using PSMA PET.

A second look trans-urethral resection of the bladder (re-TUR) is recommended after the diagnosis of T1 high grade (T1HG) bladder cancer. Few studies have evaluated the results of re-TUR after a first en bloc resection (EBR) and none of them have specifically reported the pathological results on the field of previous T1 disease.

Prior studies have suggested that men with prostate cancer and psychiatric disorders (+Psy) have worse outcomes compared with those without (-Psy), particularly due to delayed diagnosis or reduced access to definitive treatment.

To assess whether whole-body (WB) bone SPECT/CT provides additional diagnostic information over [18F]-FCH PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in the setting of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (PC-BR).

Dog ownership has been associated with higher rates of physical activity (PA) in several populations but no study to date has focused on cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between dog ownership and PA among cancer survivors; and to examine correlates of dog ownership.

Apalutamide is a selective androgen receptor signalling inhibitor that is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Skin rash is one of the most common adverse events with apalutamide. Although the majority of rash events are grade 1 and 2, the appearance of skin rash during treatment can lead to dose reduction, a pause in treatment or even treatment discontinuation, especially if patients present late when the rash has become severe.

Existing research indicates that physical activity (PA) is beneficial to men with prostate cancer (PCa). We examined the potential of a single-contact peer-support-based behavioural intervention to promote PA engagement in men treated for PCa.

Objective. To compare the effects of a group-mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) exercise and dietary (EX+D) intervention with those of standard-of-care (SC) treatment on select social cognitive outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

BACKGROUNDGenerally, clinical assessment of gonadal testosterone (T) in human physiology is determined using concentrations measured in peripheral blood. Prostatic T exposure is similarly thought to be determined from peripheral T exposure.

Surgical complications delay adjuvant therapy in oncology patients. Current literature remains unclear regarding resident effect on postoperative outcomes, with inappropriate coverage possibly endangering patients in spite of attending oversight.

This comprehensive review critically examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers.

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of an enhanced recovery program (ERP) after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for cancer.

It was a monocentric, retrospective, comparative study.

To summarise black and minority ethnic (BME) patients' and partners experiences of prostate cancer (PCa) by examining the findings of existing qualitative studies METHODS: We undertook a systematic metasynthesis of qualitative studies using a modified version of Noblit and Hare's 'meta-ethnography' approach, with a 2000-2015 search of seven databases.

In the USA, African American men bear a disproportionate burden of prostate cancer (PCa) compared with all other groups, having a higher incidence and mortality, poorer quality of life and higher dissatisfaction with care.

The incidence of prostate cancer in Scotland continues to grow; men are now living with their disease which can be seen as an increased burden for the health service and in particular the Uro-Oncology team which delivers its treatment and manage its follow up.

Most studies with cancer survivors use percentages of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for intensity prescription. Lactate or ventilatory thresholds might be useful submaximal alternatives, but this has never been investigated.

Prostate cancer survivors are increasingly turning to online communities for support. This study explored predictors of and barriers to use.

A prospective survey of 141 Australian prostate cancer survivors assessed sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and attitudinal characteristics associated with intention to use, and subsequent use of online communities.

There is little research assessing the impact of providing men with information about prostate cancer (PCa) treatment options at the time of referral for a prostate biopsy. Study objectives were to determine whether receiving an information booklet about PCa treatment options prior to receiving biopsy results was acceptable to patients, and if receiving this information influenced levels of anxiety, depression, distress, and treatment decisional conflict.

The aims of the study were to 1) describe the prevalence of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in partners of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors; 2) to compare the proportions of high FCR in partners with high FCR in PCa survivors; 3) to explore partners' demographic and survivors' clinical characteristics associated with high FCR in partners and 4) to identify the relationship between high FCR and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in partners.

Physical activity can enhance quality of life in cancer survivors, but this conclusion is based largely on research linking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with quality of life. Light-intensity physical activity may be more feasible than more strenuous exercise for many older cancer survivors.

Predictors of site-specific metastasis after radical prostatectomy(RP) are unknown, despite prognostic differences between metastatic sites. We performed RNA expression analysis for 19 genes correlated with aggressive PCa in primary tumors of 63 men pN+ at RP (N=35 developing metastases after RP vs N=28 without metastases after RP).