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Uncontrolled growth in the cell mass of malignant tumors induces intensive angiogenesis. However, the demands of the cancer cells for nutrients and oxygen remain only partially met. Hypoxia is a process that accompanies malignant transformation and evokes changes in the DNA methylation profile in solid tumors.
Published November 16, 2017
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The article describes the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer from a pathological perspective in three dimensions: morphology, genetics and epigenetics. Field cancerization and tumor cell migration/seeding are the two main hypotheses used for explaining synchronous and metachronous tumors in the urinary tract.
Published September 12, 2016
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Clinically aggressive disease behavior is difficult to predict in men with low to intermediate clinical risk prostate cancer and methylation biomarkers may be a valuable adjunct for assessing the management of these patients.
Published September 13, 2016
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a lethal urological malignancy. DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of ccRCC occurrence and progression. This study aimed to establish a prognostic model based on DNA methylation to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with ccRCC.
Published November 7, 2022
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Retrospective studies have provided proof of principle that bladder cancer can be detected by testing for the presence of tumor DNA in urine. We have conducted a prospective blinded study to determine whether a urine-based DNA test can replace flexible cystoscopy in the initial assessment of gross hematuria.
Published July 17, 2016
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Bladder cancer, a common neoplasm, is primarily caused by tobacco smoking. Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation have the potential to be used as prospective markers of increased risk, particularly in at-risk populations such as smokers.
Published March 31, 2024
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Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) in patients suffering from neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is a significant concern due to its advanced stage at diagnosis and high mortality rate.
Published August 31, 2023
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We identify and validate accurate diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer through a systematic evaluation of DNA methylation alterations.
We assembled three early prostate cancer cohorts (total patients = 699) from which we collected and processed over 1300 prostatectomy tissue samples for DNA extraction.
Published August 23, 2019
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Effective biomarkers and models are needed to improve the prognostic prospects of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The purpose of this work was to identify DNA methylation biomarkers and to evaluate the utility of DNA methylation analysis for ccRCC prognosis.
Published October 25, 2019
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To explore the accuracy of a urine-based epigenetic test for detecting upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).
Under an IRB-approved protocol, urine samples were prospectively collected from primary UTUC patients before radical nephroureterectomy (RNU), ureterectomy, or ureteroscopy (URS) between December 2019 and March 2022.
Published February 20, 2023
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The aim of this study was to explore whether candidate gene methylation can effectively predict death from prostate cancer.
After reviewing the literature to identify likely candidate genes, we assembled a case-control cohort (in a 1:2 ratio) to explore the distribution of PITX2, WNT5a, SPARC, EPB41L3, and TPM4 methylation levels.
Published December 13, 2015
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Glucose metabolism and DNA methylation play important roles in cancers. We aimed to identify glucose metabolism-related genes that were DNA methylation associated to establish a prognostic signature of bladder cancer (BLCA).
Published October 26, 2020
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Human seminal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation patterns have not yet been thoroughly explored, however, recent work in mouse has suggested that some cfDNA encountered in the epididymis may contaminate DNA methylation studies assessing the mature sperm.
Published February 21, 2022
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most life-threatening urinary malignancies displaying poor response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although in the recent past there have been tremendous advancements in using targeted therapies for RCC, despite that it remains the most lethal urogenital cancer with a 5-year survival rate of roughly 76%.
Published November 20, 2023
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Cystoscopy is the gold standard for bladder cancer detection, but is costly, invasive and has imperfect diagnostic accuracy. We aimed to identify novel and accurate DNA methylation biomarkers for non-invasive detection of bladder cancer in urine, with the potential to reduce the number of cystoscopies among hematuria patients.
Published September 21, 2022
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Molecular biomarkers may facilitate the distinction between aggressive and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PCa), thereby potentially aiding individualized treatment. We analyzed cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) promoter methylation and mRNA expression in order to evaluate its potential as prognostic biomarker.
Published October 3, 2016
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Background: Seminoma is a testicular tumor type, routinely diagnosed after orchidectomy. As cfDNA represents a source of minimally invasive seminoma patient management, this study aimed to investigate whether cfDNA methylation of six genes from liquid biopsies, have potential as novel seminoma biomarkers.
Published February 3, 2023
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HOXB13 is a key lineage homeobox transcription factor that plays a critical role in the differentiation of the prostate gland. Several studies have suggested that HOXB13 alterations may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression.
Published October 20, 2023
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Cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CBCT) is part of standard treatment of several cancers. In testicular cancer (TC) survivors, an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) is observed. In this epigenome-wide association study, we investigated if CBCT relates to epigenetic changes (DNA methylation) and if epigenetic changes render individuals susceptible for developing MetS later in life.
Published December 12, 2019
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Bladder cancer (BC) is the 5th most common cancer in the USA. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer represents about 70% of all cases and has generally a favorable outcome. However, recurrence rates as high as 60 to 70% and progression rates of 10 to 20% necessitate intensive surveillance with cystoscopy.
Published April 27, 2021
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent tumor among men in Europe and has both indolent and aggressive forms. There are several treatment options, the choice of which depends on multiple factors.
Published October 24, 2023
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Abnormal expression of enzymes involved in epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methyl transferases, can trigger large chaos in cellular gene expression networks and eventually lead to cancer progression.
Published July 24, 2020
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African American (AA) men have the highest incidence and mortality rate from Prostate cancer (PCa) than any other racial/ethnic group. To date, PCa genomic studies have largely under-represented tumour samples from AA men.
Published June 8, 2023
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Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of clinically insignificant tumors remains a major problem in prostate cancer (PC) due to suboptimal diagnostic and prognostic tools. Thus, novel biomarkers are urgently needed.
Published September 29, 2017
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Crosstalk between genetic, epigenetic, and immune alterations in upper tract urothelial carcinomas and their role in shaping muscle invasiveness and patient outcome are poorly understood.
We perform an integrative genome- and methylome-wide profiling of diverse non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinomas.
Published January 8, 2021
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Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a subset of patients rapidly progressing to lethal-metastatic prostate cancer. Current clinicopathological measures are imperfect predictors of disease progression.
Published October 4, 2022
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We report a comprehensive analysis of 412 muscle-invasive bladder cancers characterized by multiple TCGA analytical platforms. Fifty-eight genes were significantly mutated, and the overall mutational load was associated with APOBEC-signature mutagenesis.
Published October 23, 2017
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BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - The introduction of PSA testing has radically altered how prostate cancer (PCa) is diagnosed and managed.
Published November 20, 2013
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Promoter hypermethylation can be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognosis of bladder cancer, monitoring response to treatment and complement classical diagnostic procedures.
The molecular test was performed on DNA from bladder cancer cells in voided urine samples, tumor tissue DNA and normal control DNAs.
Published November 11, 2016
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We intended to construct DNA methylation-based models for the diagnosis and prognosis of three common urological cancers including prostate adenocarcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Published September 13, 2018
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The 5-yr survival of early-stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is approximately 93%, but once metastasised, the 5-yr survival plummets to 12%, indicating that early RCC detection is crucial to improvement in survival.
Published August 16, 2019
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Diagnosis of primary and relapsed bladder carcinomas is accomplished by urethrocystoscopy, an invasive procedure, combined with urinary cytology, with limited sensitivity, resulting in a substantial burden.
Published June 21, 2024
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Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are among the most common solid malignancies in young-adult men, and currently most mortality is due to metastatic disease and emergence of resistance to cisplatin.
Published April 12, 2021
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Small cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) morphology is rare at initial diagnosis but often emerges during prostate cancer progression and portends a dismal prognosis. It does not express androgen receptor (AR) or respond to hormonal therapies.
Published February 24, 2016
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Some lncRNAs can encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), called small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), which have exerted certain predictive values for the prognosis of some cancer patients. In this study, using RNA-seq and survival data in TCGA-KIRC, we examined the expression profile of 20 SNHGs and explored their prognostic values in ccRCC.
Published March 11, 2020
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Cystoscopy is the gold standard for surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but the procedure is invasive and has suboptimal accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of analyzing urine samples for the presence of urine tumor DNA (utDNA) to replace cystoscopy for surveillance of bladder cancer recurrence.
Published May 14, 2024
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Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality when diagnosed in its most aggressive form, which is not reverted by the current treatment options.
Published August 21, 2020
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis if metastasized. Up to one third of patients with local disease at diagnosis will develop metastasis after nephrectomy, and there is a need for new molecular markers to identify patients with high risk of tumor progression.
Published January 22, 2019
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brushed cytology is still the standard method for the diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in obstructive jaundice; however, the diagnostic yield is limited.
Published March 9, 2018
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Our previous study revealed that CRB3 protein expression was reduced in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and was associated with TNM stage, pathological grade, and poor prognosis of ccRCC. This study aimed to investigate if DNA methylation of CRB3 decreases its expression, subsequently leading to the progression and poor prognosis of ccRCC.
Published June 3, 2019
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It has been reported that loss of Hugl-2 contributes to tumor formation and progression in vitro and in vivo. However, whether Hugl-2 levels decrease during kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and the mechanism involved remain unknown.
Published August 25, 2020
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DNA methylation is frequently observed in the development and progression of many human tumors as well as renal cell cancer (RCC). Tumor Associated Calcium Signal Transducer 2 (TACSTD2) participates in cell cycle progression through MAPK signalling pathway activation.
Published May 5, 2021
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This study examined whether differential DNA methylation is associated with clinical features of more aggressive disease at diagnosis and prostate cancer recurrence in African American men, who are more likely to die from prostate cancer than other populations.
Published February 25, 2016
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Nephron number is a major determinant of long-term renal function and cardiovascular risk. Observational studies suggest that maternal nutritional and metabolic factors during gestation contribute to the high variability of nephron endowment.
Published December 13, 2018
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Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer, and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. RAD9 stabilizes the genome, but prostate cancer cells and tumors often have high quantities of the protein.
Published August 14, 2020
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Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, understanding the crosstalk between complex genomic and epigenomic alterations will aid in developing targeted therapeutics. We demonstrate that, even though snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) is frequently amplified in prostate cancer, it is epigenetically silenced in this disease, with dynamic changes in SNAI2 levels showing distinct clinical relevance.
Published November 22, 2021
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Novel and minimally-invasive prostate cancer (PCa)-specific biomarkers are needed to improve diagnosis and risk stratification. Here, we investigated the biomarker potential in localized and de novo metastatic PCa (mPCa) of methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma.
Published June 8, 2020
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Astaxanthin (AST), a red dietary carotenoid, has synergistic antioxidant effects with polyunsaturated fatty acids at low concentrations via Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling.
Published December 10, 2016
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Currently, it is unclear to what extent sampling procedures affect the epigenome. Here, this phenomenon was evaluated by studying the impact of artery ligation on DNA methylation in clear cell renal cancer.
Published January 18, 2017
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Identifying the subset of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) at the highest risk of recurrence remains challenging, and better prognostic markers are needed. Gleason score is the best predictor of PCa aggressiveness and prognosis.
Published September 29, 2016