Chemoresistance Articles

The ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction (immune escape) as well as their acquired resistance to anti-cancer drugs constitute important barriers to the successful management of cancer.

Cisplatin (CDDP)-based combination chemotherapy remains the mainstream treatment for advanced bladder cancer. However, its efficacy is often limited due to the development of resistance for which underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) present in peripheral blood are assigned precursors of advanced tumor disease. Simplicity of blood withdrawal procedure adds practically an unlimited possibility of the CTC-monitoring and the advantages of the repeated biopsies over time.

The identification and development of biomarkers which predict response of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy would likely increase usage of this treatment option and thereby improve patient survival rates.

Patients with superficial bladder cancer can be definitively cured by one single transurethral resection (TUR) with additional intravesical chemotherapy; however, up to 75 % of cases display frequent and multiple recurrences.

Striking evidence associates cancer stem cells (CSCs) to the high recurrence rates and poor survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC). However, the prognostic implication of those cells in risk stratification is not firmly established, mainly due to the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of CSCs populations, as well as, to the conflicting data regarding their identification based on a single specific marker.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most prevalent malignancy among males in the western world. Though hormonal therapies through chemical or surgical castration have been proposed many years ago, heretofore, such mainstay for the treatment on advanced PCa has not fundamentally changed.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men; however, limited effect is obtained due to the therapy resistance. CASC2 acts as a tumor suppressor in human malignancies serving as a ceRNA for miRNAs; Sprouty2 (SPRY2), a key antagonist of RTK signalling, also serves as a tumor suppressor.

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are vital for intracellular pH homeostasis by extruding lactate from highly glycolytic cells. These molecules are key players of the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, and evidence indicates a potential contribution in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) aggressiveness and chemoresistance.

Treatment options for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are limited and typically centered on paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether miR-34a attenuates chemoresistance to paclitaxel by regulating target genes associated with drug resistance.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. Majority of TGCTs respond well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, patients with refractory disease have limited treatment modalities associated with poor prognosis.

Taxanes, a group of cancer drugs that includes docetaxel and paclitaxel, have become a front-line therapy for a variety of metastatic cancers, but resistance can develop. There are several docetaxel resistance mechanisms in prostate cancer: unfavorable tumor microenvironment, drug efflux pump, alterations in microtubule structure and/or function, and apoptotic defects (e.

SATB1, a global genome organizer, has been shown to play a role in the development and progression of some solid tumors, but its role in bladder cancer is undetermined. Moreover, there is conflicting data about the role of SATB1 in other tumors.

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder is the second most prevalent genitourinary disease. It is a highly heterogeneous disease as it represents a spectrum of neoplasms, including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and metastatic lesions.