Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer Articles

We report a retrospective study on the efficacy, adverse events and the factors for continuous docetaxel (DOC) therapy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Between April 2007 and April 2015, 37 CRPC patients were treated with DOC therapy at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital.

Although prostate cancer responds well to primary endocrine therapies, tumor progression with castration resistant tumor cells almost invariably occurs within a few years. Unfortunately, some CRPC patients do not respond to second-line therapies with abiraterone or enzalutamide.

The progression of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is driven by the intratumoral conversion of adrenal androgen precursors to potent androgens. The expression of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), which catalyses the reduction of weak androgens to more potent androgens, is significantly increased in CRPC tumours.

Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 (177Lu-PSMA-617) in end-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has reported favourable outcomes. In this study, we aimed to prospectively compare the efficacy and safety of 177Lu-PSMA-617 and docetaxel in chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients.

Intratumoral steroidogenesis and its potential relevance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and in cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP17A1)-inhibitor treated hormone-naïve and patients with CRPC are not well established.

Background The inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) induces cell cycle arrest and enhancing the effect of castration by delay of progression of human prostate cancer models. Linsitinib is a small molecule and potent dual inhibitor of IGF-1R and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity.

Taxanes and anthracyclines have been among the best-studied chemotherapy classes in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Docetaxel (D) 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks has been the standard first line chemotherapy for CRPC.

Ephrin receptors and their membrane-localized ligands induce bidirectional signaling and facilitate tumor-stroma interactions. Blocking the EphB4-EphrinB2 pathway, which can be accomplished by soluble EphB4 conjugated to human serum albumin (sEphB4-HSA), promotes cell death in preclinical models of aggressive prostate cancer.

Testicular metastasis is rare with the prostate being the most common site of primary cancer. We report a case of a 72-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and known metastases to bone and lymph nodes, who developed bilateral painful swollen testes 3 years after the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Since sipuleucel-T approval in 2010, the treatment landscape for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) now includes the androgen-receptor signaling pathway inhibitors (ASPIs) abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a common male malignancy that requires new therapeutic strategies due to acquired resistance to its first-line treatment, docetaxel. The benefits of vitamin D on prostate cancer (PCa) progression have been previously reported.

Abiraterone acetate, which targets enzymatic complexes playing a central role in steroidogenesis, demonstrated to increase survival significantly in both chemo-naive and docetaxel pretreated, becoming one of the drugs of choice for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

This research work was aimed at evaluating the incidence and risk factors of adverse events (AEs) occurring in patients treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) and prednisone (PDN) outside clinical trials.

Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of prostate cancer frequently seen after prolonged treatment of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). NEPC has become increasingly prevalent over the last 20 years, with a poor prognosis caused by a late diagnosis and limited treatment options.

Obesity affects prostate cancer (PCa) progression, and the periprostatic adipose tissue adjacent to the prostate is considered a driving force of disease progression. Adipocytes are the main cell population in adipose tissues and their paracrine role contributes to PCa progression, however its implication in modulating immune reactions remains largely unknown.

The ALSYMPCA trial revealed radium-223 (Ra-223) to be a life-prolonging agent for bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, only 2.8% of enrolled patients in that clinical trial were Asian, and no Japanese patients were enrolled.

Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have historically had few treatment options. Recently, randomized controlled trials have examined the benefit of apalutamide and enzalutamide in these patients.

Precision medicine based on genomic analysis of germline or tumor tissue is attracting attention. However, there is no consensus on how to apply the results of genomic analysis to treatment.

A 59-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer was diagnosed with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Introduction: Knowledge of the complex biology of prostate cancer is constantly growing, opening the field up to new therapeutic advances. The selection of patients on the basis of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is a challenging and emerging clinical need, not yet completely fulfilled.

There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to guide personalized therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We aimed to clinically qualify androgen receptor (AR) gene status measurement in plasma DNA using multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in pre- and post-chemotherapy CRPC.

Detection of androgen receptor (AR) splice variant-7 (AR-V7) messenger RNA (mRNA) in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is associated with a suboptimal response to abiraterone and enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Lineage plasticity causes therapeutic resistance; however, it remains unclear how the fate conversion and phenotype switching of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are implicated in disease relapse.

Patients with recurrent, nonmetastatic prostate cancer after curative intent therapy can experience a heterogeneous clinical course ranging from indolent disease that can be observed for years to a rapidly progressive disease that is metastatic in a relatively short time.

Failure of androgen-targeted therapy and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are often attributed to sustained expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its major splice variant, AR-v7.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP17A1, CYB5A and the efficacy of abiraterone acetate treatment in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

We previously identified a blood RNA transcript-based model consisting of six immune or inflammatory response genes (ABL2, SEMA4D, ITGAL, C1QA, TIMP1, and CDKN1A) that was prognostic for survival in cohorts of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found essential for tumorigenesis of prostate cancer (PC), but its role in the regulation of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poorly identified.

The prognosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is influenced by numerous individual factors. Despite various proposed prognostic models, the clinical application of these remains limited, probably due to complexity.

Recent studies focused on the molecular characterization of metastatic prostate cancer have identified genomic subsets and emerging resistance patterns. Detection of these alterations in patients has potential implications for therapy selection and prognostication.

Cyclical, high-dose testosterone administration, termed bipolar androgen therapy (BAT), can induce clinical responses and restore sensitivity to androgen signalling inhibition in patients with previously treated castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) (CRPC).

To prospectively determine the prognostic value of the bone scan index (BSI) for time to development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in consecutive, hormone-naïve patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

The use of a novel strategy known as adaptive abiraterone therapy based on mathematical modeling of evolutionary dynamics of tumor subpopulations was shown in a clinical trial to extend the time to disease progression in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and reduced the use of abiraterone therapy.

Data on the safety and efficacy of cabazitaxel in patients aged ≥80 years with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are limited. We report the safety (adverse drug reactions [ADRs]) and efficacy (overall survival [OS], time to treatment failure [TTF], and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] response rates) in patients aged <80 or ≥80 years treated with cabazitaxel for CRPC in clinical practice.

In prostate cancer, disease progression after primary treatment and subsequent androgen deprivation therapy is common. Intensification of systemic treatment is the standard of care. Recently, 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) imaging was introduced to identify oligometastatic prostate cancer patients.

Due to the lack of effective strategies on the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we established a multifunctional nanoplatform (GNS@IR820/DTX-CD133) for the synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemotherapy (CT) under the monitoring of multimodal near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence/photoacoustic (PA) imaging.

CD38, a druggable ectoenzyme, is involved in the generation of adenosine, which is implicated in tumour immune evasion. Its expression and role in prostate tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have not been elucidated.

Conversion of androgen-responsive prostate cancer (CaP) to castration-resistant CaP is associated with an acceleration of the disease that often requires treatment modalities other than androgen deprivation therapy only.

HOXB13 is a key lineage homeobox transcription factor that plays a critical role in the differentiation of the prostate gland. Several studies have suggested that HOXB13 alterations may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression.

The natural history of prostate cancer (PC) almost always evolves to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) status, sometimes comprising pure or mixed neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPC) differentiation.

Analysis of androgen receptor (AR) status, particularly AR copy number, in plasma DNA is a minimally invasive method with the potential to identify treatment resistance in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) starting enzalutamide or abiraterone.

Radium-223 (Ra-223) is a targeted alpha therapy that has been shown to prolong overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with bone metastases. However, prognosis after Ra-223 administration varies among patients.

This study evaluated the clinical utility of the highest bone scan index (BSI), among other BSIs, for each bone metastatic site in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC).

Amphicrine prostate carcinoma (AMPC) is a poorly defined subset of prostate cancer in which cells co-express luminal prostate epithelial and neuroendocrine markers. The optimal treatment strategy is unknown.

Abiraterone and enzalutamide are widely used as first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, their efficacy in mCRPC has been inconsistently demonstrated in other outcome studies from real-world databases.

Background: There is emerging evidence that radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) is highly correlated with overall survival (OS), potentially serving as an indicator of treatment outcome for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Cabazitaxel (CBZ) chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is believed to be palliative because the radiological response rate is low and a durable response is rare. Here, we describe a rare case of a patient with mCRPC who was treated with CBZ chemotherapy and showed a durable radiological response and a complete biochemical response.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and a leading cause of cancer deaths in US men. Many PC cases metastasize and develop resistance to systemic hormonal therapy, a stage known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

The knowledge in the field of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is developing rapidly, with emerging new therapies and advances in imaging. Nonetheless, in multiple areas there is still a lack of or very limited evidence, and clear guidance from clinicians regarding optimal strategy is required.

Enzalutamide combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly prolonged metastasis-free survival and overall survival (OS) versus ADT alone in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) with rapidly rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

The androgen receptor (AR) pathway is a key driver of neoplastic behaviour in the different stages of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). Targeting the AR therefore remains the cornerstone for mPCa treatment.