The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date review of the available literature on photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer, to present the technique in a comprehensive approach and, finally, to discuss the relevance of PDD in clinical practice in terms of indications, outcomes and its development trend.
A literature search was conducted up to July 2012, using MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid databases to identify published studies on PDD for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Only English-language and human-based full manuscripts that reported on case series and studies with >40 participants, concerning clinical evidence of the technique, its efficacy and safety data were included. Evidence showed that PDD significantly improves detection of bladder cancer compared with standard white-light cystoscopy, having proven to be more effective for the diagnosis of carcinoma in situ. This condition seems to facilitate more complete resections, resulting in a lower residual tumor rate, which, in turn consecutively leads to higher recurrence-free survival rates. The literature search demonstrated that for mid- and long-term follow-up, PDD showed acceptable outcomes in terms of tumor detection, as well as lower residual tumor and lower recurrence rates compared with white-light cystoscopy. It has proven to be safe and well tolerated; the major limitations of PDD are its low specificity and elevated costs.
Written by:
Cordeiro ER, Anastasiadis A, Bus MT, Alivizatos G, de la Rosette JJ, de Reijke TM. Are you the author?
Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Reference: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2013 Jun;13(6):669-80.
doi: 10.1586/era.13.60
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 23773102
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