WHO Classification Articles

The aims of this study were to determine the accuracy and reliability of cytology, histopathology and ploidy of specimens obtained at ureterorenoscopy, to evaluate the importance of how samples are collected and to determine whether cytology is an alternative to histology of biopsies.

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of urogenital tumours (WHO "blue book"), published in 2016, contains significant revisions. These revisions were performed after consideration by a large international group of pathologists with special expertise in this area.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the penis. The 2022 WHO classification reinforces the 2016 classification and subclassifies precursor lesions and tumors into HPV-associated and HPV-independent types.