With the development of kidney-sparing surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ureteroscopic biopsy (URSBx) has become important for the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).
We retrospectively analyzed data from 744 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU), stratified into no ureteroscopy (URS), URS alone, and URSBx groups.