Radiosensitivity Articles

Background: Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer among males worldwide. Current treatment strategies established for bladder cancer mainly consist of cystectomy yet advances in radiation therapy have pointed to the value of organ-preserving strategies in preserving patients' quality of life.

Surgery is the standard of care for patients with renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Radiotherapy (RT) can decrease the risk of local recurrence after surgery and can lead to excellent outcomes in patients unfit for surgery.

Purpose: Docetaxel (dox), a noted radiosensitizer, is one of the few chemotherapy drugs approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), though only a fraction of CRPCs respond to it. CAV-1, a critical regulator of radioresistance, has been known to modulate dox and radiation effects.

As a bladder-preserving therapy, radiation therapy (RT) has been widely used in the treatment of bladder cancer (BCa) and made great progress in the past few decades. However, some BCa patients have low radiotherapy responsiveness and local recurrence rate after radiotherapy could reach 50%.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate the sensitivity of different cancer cells to chemoradiotherapy. Aberrant expression of lncRNA Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been found to be involved in the development of bladder cancer, however, its function and underlying mechanism in the radioresistance of bladder cancer remains unclear.

Cancer cells in hypoxia usually make adaptive changes in cellular metabolism, such as altered autophagy. This might be a cause of enhanced radioresistance in some types of cancer. In this study, we investigated hypoxia-responsive miRNAs in two prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3).

Optimal postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) dose is unclear in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC). Herein, we characterized the radiosensitivity index (RSI) and genomic-adjusted radiation dose (GARD) profiles in a cohort of patients with PeSCC, and assessed the application of GARD to personalize PORT.

In general, late side effects after salvage radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer are below 10%. Patients with impaired DNA repair ability and genetic instability can have significantly increased reactions after RT.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has historically been considered resistant to radiotherapy. However, advances in the field of radiation oncology have led to safe delivery of higher radiation doses through the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) that have shown significant activity against RCC.

Initial studies of radiotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) failed to demonstrate significant clinical impact. With the advent of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) that allows for delivery of more effective radiation doses in a precise fashion, radiotherapy has become an essential component in the multidisciplinary management of patients with RCC both in the setting of localized and metastatic disease beyond the traditional role of palliative treatment.

Speckle-type POZ (pox virus and zinc finger protein) protein (SPOP) is the most commonly mutated gene in prostate cancer (PCa). Recent evidence reports a role of SPOP in DNA damage response (DDR), indicating a possible impact of SPOP deregulation on PCa radiosensitivity.