Monoclonal Antibodies Articles

There now exist several viable first-line treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, making the choice of initial therapy difficult. Considering metrics other than patient factors may be necessary to select the most appropriate therapy.

PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved overall survival (OS) in solid tumor trials; however, parallel improvements in RECIST-based surrogate endpoints, progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR), are not always observed.

The advent of immunotherapy has transformed the treatment paradigm of several solid tumors and is expected to influence the therapeutic algorithm even more in the future following the results of numerous ongoing clinical trials in a wide range of malignancies.

Immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer has made significant progresses over the last 20 years. Multiple efforts have been attempted to restore immune-mediated tumor elimination, leading to the development of several targeted immunotherapies.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common and heterogeneous disease; many patients develop recurrent or progress to muscle-invasive disease. Intravesical drug therapy is a pillar in the current management of NMIBC; notwithstanding, Mitomycin C (MMC) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have numerous limitations including international supply issues, and local and systemic toxicity.

The Notch pathway is a cell-cell communication system where membrane-bound ligands interact with the extracellular region of Notch receptors to induce intracellular, downstream effects on gene expression.

Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) found on T and pro-B cells. Pembrolizumab prevents PD-1 ligation by both PD-L1 and PD-L2, preventing the immune dysregulation that otherwise occurs when T-cells encounter cells expressing these ligands.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a promising investigational treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This review describes the available data with PSMA TRT.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have improved the prognosis for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancers (la/mUC) but little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with this mode of treatment.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) is expressed in primary prostate adenocarcinoma and in associated skeletal metastases. Olaratumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds PDGFRα and blocks downstream signalling.