Interleukin-2 Articles

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - Despite our ability to perform single site laparascopic nephrectomy and increasingly challenging nephron-sparing surgery with robotic assistance, the outlook for our patients post-nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma remains bleak, as those with intermediate- or high-risk disease face a 40-70% risk of developing metastatic disease.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma has a poor prognosis. Treatment approaches with immunotherapy show promising results in subpopulations. Viscum album extracts - used as an adjunct to cancer treatment - have cytotoxic, apoptogenic, and immune-stimulating properties and show synergistic effects with chemotherapy agents.

Immunotherapy may be an effective way to prevent postoperative recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. Streptavidin-interleukin-2 (SA-IL-2) surface-modified tumor cell vaccine developed through our protein-anchor technology could induce specific anti-tumor T-cell response, but this immunotherapy can not completely eradicate the tumor.

High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) was approved for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in 1992 and for metastatic melanoma (mM) in 1998, in an era predating targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The ligation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and immune checkpoint blockade may each alter lymphocytes, thereby inducing regression in various cancers. Single agent objective response rates of 14% to 25% have been reported for usual schedule 14-dose-in-a-row IL-2 therapy of metastatic clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC), with a notable subset of responses being durable.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was recognized as an immunologically sensitive cancer over 30 years ago. The first therapies to affect the course of RCC were cytokines (interferon alfa-2B and interleukin-2).

To explore whether the sarcopenia body type can help predict response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective cohort study of 75 subjects with metastatic RCC who underwent pretreatment contrast-enhanced computed tomography within 1 year of initiating IL-2 therapy.

In previous studies, it has been shown that the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) surface modified MB49 bladder cancer stem cells (MCSCs) vaccine could induce a specific antitumor immunity and against bladder cancer in mice model respectively.

Cytokine-based immunotherapy (IT) has been the mainstay of systemic treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the late 1980s until 2007. With the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, a renaissance of immune oncological approaches is rapidly unfolding.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was the cornerstone treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) until the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but it still has therapeutic value. As a single bolus of IL-2 causes toxicity, there is interest in administration regimens with better tolerability and efficacy.

Prognostic scoring systems are used to estimate the risk of mortality from metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Outcomes from different therapies may vary within each risk group. These survival algorithms have been applied to assess outcomes in patients receiving T-cell checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, but have not been applied extensively to patients receiving high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) immunotherapy.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective initial intravesical therapy for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, but many patients still fail. Combination intravesical BCG and interferon (IFN) will salvage some patients but results remain suboptimal.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the key cytokines with pleiotropic effects on immune system. It has been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. Recent progress has been made in our understanding of IL-2 in regulating lymphocytes that has led to exciting new directions for cancer immunotherapy.

(1) Background: The intravesical instillation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to be very well tolerated and promising in patients with bladder malignancies. This study aims to confirm the use of a new IL-2 containing immunotherapy candidate as safe for intravesical application.

To assess survival outcomes following high dose IL-2 (HDIL-2) in a contemporary cohort of patients during the era of targeted agents.

Retrospective review of metastatic RCC patients treated with HDIL-2 between July 2007 and September 2014.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most fatal urological malignancies. Approximately 30% of patients with RCC have metastasis at initial diagnosis and another 30% have metastasis after radical nephrectomy.

To compare the effect of intravesical interleukin-2 (IL-2) instillations with and without a marker lesion on time to recurrence (TTR) in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.

A prospective randomized, controlled trial was conducted.