Immuno-oncology (IO) has made monumental gains in the past decade in the genitourinary space. In this review, we highlight advances with IO in renal cell carcinoma where it now has become standard-of-care frontline therapy in the metastatic setting but also discuss challenges with the initial approach. In urothelial carcinoma, we discuss the growing use of IO including exciting recent updates with IO-based regimens that may soon become the new standard of care. We further discuss difficulties with IO in prostate cancer, germ cell tumors, and penile squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we highlight advances in IO approaches beyond checkpoint inhibition including the role of the gut microbiome and T-cell redirecting therapies.
American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting. 2024 Jan [Epub]
Peter D Zang, Arkhjamil Angeles, Tanya B Dorff, Sumanta K Pal, Shilpa Gupta
Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA., BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC., Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH.