Medical imaging of the 3 most common genitourinary (GU) cancers-prostate adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder-has evolved significantly during the last decades. The most commonly used imaging modalities for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of GU cancers are computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Multiplanar multidetector computed tomography and multiparametric MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging are the main imaging modalities for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, and although multiparametric MRI is rapidly becoming the main imaging tool in the evaluation of prostate adenocarcinoma, biopsy is still required for diagnosis. Functional and molecular imaging using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET and sodium fluoride-PET are essential for the diagnosis, and especially follow-up, of metastatic GU tumors. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the imaging of these 3 major GU cancers.
Urologic oncology. 2017 May 12 [Epub ahead of print]
Mohammad H Bagheri, Mark A Ahlman, Liza Lindenberg, Baris Turkbey, Jeffrey Lin, Ali Cahid Civelek, Ashkan A Malayeri, Piyush K Agarwal, Peter L Choyke, Les R Folio, Andrea B Apolo
Clinical Image Processing Service, Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Nuclear Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Radiology and Imaging Sciences Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: .