Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) increases risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however the association between types and duration of ADT has not been fully elucidated. We examined how type and duration of ADT affects risk of T2DM. Using data from Prostate Cancer database Sweden (PCBaSe) we investigated risk of T2DM in a cohort of 34,031 men with PCa on ADT; i.e. anti-androgens (AA), orchiectomy, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists compared to an age-matched, PCa-free comparison cohort (n=167,205) using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. T2DM was defined as a newly filled prescription for metformin, sulphonylurea or insulin in the Prescribed Drug Register. A total of 21,874 men with PCa received GnRH agonists, 9,143 AA and 3,014 underwent orchiectomy. Risk of T2DM was increased in men in the GnRH agonists/orchiectomy group during the first 3 years of ADT [i.e.1-1.5 years HR: 1.61 (95%CI: 1.36-1.91)], compared to PCa-free men. The risk decreased thereafter (e.g 3-4 years HR: 1.17 (95% CI: 0.98-1.40)). Conversely, no increased risk was seen in men on AA (HR: 0.74 (95%CI: 0.65-0.84). The incidence of T2DM per 1,000 person-years was 10 for PCa-free men, 8 for men on AA, and 13 for men on GnRH agonists/orchiectomy. Duration of ADT has a significant impact on risk of T2DM. With the peak after three years of treatment, our data indicates that men on ADT, even for a limited period of time, such as adjuvant to radiotherapy, are at increased risk of T2DM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
International journal of cancer. 2016 Aug 25 [Epub ahead of print]
Danielle Crawley, Hans Garmo, Sarah Rudman, Pär Stattin, Christel Häggström, Björn Zethelius, Lars Holmberg, Jan Adolfsson, Mieke Van Hemelrijck
Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London., Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London's Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, London., Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden., Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.