Prognostic models are needed that reflect contemporary practice for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We sought to identify predictive and prognostic variables for overall survival (OS) in chemotherapy-naïve men with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide.
Patients from the PREVAIL trial database (enzalutamide versus placebo) were randomly split 2:1 into training (n=1159) and testing (n=550) sets. Using the training set, 23 predefined variables were analyzed and a multivariable model predicting OS was developed and validated in an independent testing set.
Patient characteristics and outcomes were well balanced between training and testing sets; median OS was 32.7 months in each. The final validated multivariable model included 11 independent prognostic variables. Median OS for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups (testing set) defined by prognostic risk tertiles were not yet reached (NYR) (95% CI NYR-NYR), 34.2 months (31.5-NYR), and 21.1 months (17.5-25.0), respectively. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for OS in the low- and intermediate-risk groups versus high-risk group were 0.20 (0.14-0.29) and 0.40 (0.30-0.53), respectively. Secondary outcomes of response and progression differed widely in model-defined risk groups. Enzalutamide improved outcomes in all prognostic risk groups.
Our validated prognostic model incorporates variables routinely collected in chemotherapy-naïve men with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide, identifying subsets of patients with widely differing survival outcomes that provide useful information for external validation, patient care, and clinical trial design.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01212991.
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology. 2018 Sep 10 [Epub ahead of print]
A J Armstrong, P Lin, C S Higano, C N Sternberg, G Sonpavde, B Tombal, A J Templeton, K Fizazi, D Phung, E K Wong, A Krivoshik, T M Beer
Division of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA., Biostatistics (Lin) and Medical Affairs (Wong), Pfizer Inc., San Francisco, USA., Medical Oncology, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA., Medical Oncology, San Camillo and Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy., Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA., Urology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium., Department of Oncology, St. Claraspital, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, France., Biostatistics, Astellas Pharma Europe B.V., Leiden, Netherlands., Medical Sciences, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Northbrook, USA., Hematology/Medical Oncology, OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.