The best predictors of response to intravesical immunotherapy are tumor grade and stage, tumor recurrence pattern, nomograms, panels of urinary cytokines, and fluorescent in situ hybridization patterns of urine cytology examinations. Future investigations on predictors of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin efficacy are needed to better select those patients who will really benefit from a conservative treatment. Hardly any of the proposed nomograms were designed to precisely predict the outcome of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. A new nomogram for NMIBC recurrence and progression based on all non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer subgroups would include factors already proven in cancer prognosis and prediction.
The Urologic clinics of North America. 2020 Feb [Epub]
Óscar Rodríguez Faba, Francesca Pisano, Wojciech Krajewski, Alberto Breda, Joan Palou
Department of Urology, Fundacion Puigvert, carrer de Cartagena 340-350, 08025, Barcelona, Universitata Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain., Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland., Department of Urology, Fundacion Puigvert, carrer de Cartagena 340-350, 08025, Barcelona, Universitata Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: .