Preoperative chronic kidney disease is predictive of oncological outcome of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer

To evaluate the impact of preoperative chronic kidney disease (CKD) on oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.

We reviewed the medical records of patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma who underwent RC with curative intent at seven hospitals between 1990 and 2013. After excluding patients with a history of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, we analyzed 594 cases for the study. Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the three-variable Japanese equation for GFR estimation from serum creatinine level and age. Patients were divided into four groups of different CKD stages based on eGFR values (mL/min/1.73 m2), i.e., ≥ 60 (CKD stages G1-2), 45-60 (G3a), 30-45 (G3b), and < 30 (G4-5). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses addressed survivals after RC.

Median age of patients was 67 years. Patients were classified into CKD stages: G1-2 (n = 388; 65.3%), G3a (n = 122; 20.5%), G3b (n = 51; 8.6%), and G4-5 (n = 33; 5.6%). During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 200 and 164 patients showed cancer progression and died of bladder cancer, with the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of 64.9 and 70.2%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, CKD stages of G3b or greater, advanced pT stage, lymph node metastasis, and positive lymphovascular invasion were independent poor prognostic factors for PFS and CSS.

We demonstrated that the advanced preoperative CKD stage was significantly associated with poor oncological outcomes of the bladder cancer after RC.

World journal of urology. 2017 Nov 28 [Epub ahead of print]

Akihiko Matsumoto, Tohru Nakagawa, Atsushi Kanatani, Masaomi Ikeda, Taketo Kawai, Jimpei Miyakawa, Satoru Taguchi, Akihiro Naito, Masafumi Otsuka, Yasukazu Nakanishi, Motofumi Suzuki, Fumitaka Koga, Yasushi Nagase, Yasushi Kondo, Toshikazu Okaneya, Yoshinori Tanaka, Hideyo Miyazaki, Tetsuya Fujimura, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Haruki Kume, Yasuhiko Igawa, Yukio Homma

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan., Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. ., Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8470, Japan., Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8677, Japan., Department of Urology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, 2-14-23 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8798, Japan., Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan., Department of Urology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, 130-8575, Japan., Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8610, Japan., Department of Continence Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.