Diagnosis
- Classified by hormonal secretion.
- Cushing's syndrome
- Virilization in females
- Increased DHEA, 17-ketosteroid, increased testosterone
- Feminizing syndrome in men
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Mixed secretion (common)
- Nonfunctional 30 percent
- Signs and Symptoms
- Clinically apparent signs of defeminization or masculinization are typical of carcinoma. Elevated DHEA, androstenedione, or urinary I7 ketosteroids makes carcinoma likely.
Treatment
- Excision, however, the cure rate is less than 50 percent, even in patients with localized disease.
References
Blumenfeld JD, Schlusse, Sealey JE, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Intern Med, 121:877-885, 1994.
Blumenfeld JD, Vaughan ED Jr.: The adrenals. In: Campbell's Urology. 7th Ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1998, pp. 2915-2971.
Manger WM, Gifford RW Jr.: Pheochromocytoma. A clinical review. In: Hypertension Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. 1995, pp. 2225-2246.
Orth DN: Cushing syndrome. N Eng J Med 332:791-795, 1995.
Ulchaker JC, Goldfarb DA, Bravo EL, Novick AC: Successful outcomes in pheochromocytoma surgery in the modern era. J Urol 161:764-767, 1999. Vaughan ED Jr.: Adrenal surgery. F. F. Marshall, Ed. In: Textbook of Operative Surgery. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996, p 220-230.
Vaughan ED Jr., (ed): Diagnosis and treatments of adrenal disorders. World J Urol 17:1064, 1999.