Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a hypoestrogenic condition with external genital, urological, and sexual implications that affects over 50% of postmenopausal women. Due to sexual embarrassment and the sensitive nature of discussing symptoms, GSM is greatly underdiagnosed. The current literature pertaining to clinical manifestations, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of GSM is reviewed. Early detection and appropriate pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic treatment is paramount for not only improving quality of life but also for preventing exacerbation of symptoms in women suffering from GSM.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2016 Jul 26 [Epub ahead of print]
Jason Gandhi, Andrew Chen, Gautam Dagur, Yiji Suh, Noel Smith, Brianna Cali, Sardar Ali Khan
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA., Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA., Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA., Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA., Foley Plaza Medical, USA., Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA., Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, USA. Electronic address: .