To determine if the timing of radical cystectomy for variant histology of urothelial carcinoma has an impact on survival. Variant histology has been associated with aberrant behavior compared to pure urothelial carcinoma, however the timing of surgery for these patients has not been studied.

Contemporary randomized controlled trials exploring adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for bladder cancer (BCa) have yielded inconsistent results due to premature termination and/or poor patient accrual.

To compare efficacy of AC vs.

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current development of immuno-oncology in the (neo)adjuvant setting.

Several checkpoint inhibitors (CPis) have been approved for the treatment of advanced solid cancers, mostly for unresectable metastatic setting.

Current pathological nodal staging for bladder cancer is based on lymph node (LN) location but not on the number of positive LNs.

We sought to improve prognostic classification by creating a novel staging system incorporating positive LN burden.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is underutilized in bladder cancer patients who undergo radical cystectomy. However, the quality of regimens used in this setting remains largely unknown.

To determine utilization treatment patterns and survival outcomes according to regimens administered.

Patients with residual muscle-invasive urinary tract cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have a high risk of recurrence.

To retrospectively evaluate whether additional adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves outcomes compared with surveillance in patients with significant residual disease despite NAC.

Introduction: The current first line therapy for high grade (HG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Patients who recur or progress despite BCG are recommended to undergo radical cystectomy or participate in clinical trials.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common subtype of bladder cancer. The randomized phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 trial showed that pembrolizumab, used as second-line therapy significantly prolonged overall survival with fewer treatment-related adverse events than chemotherapy for advanced UC.

Background and purpose: Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the urinary system, with a high incidence and recurrence rate. While the incidence of bladder cancer has been rising in recent years, the prevalence of bladder carcinoma is showing an increasing tendency in the younger age group.

The significance of second transurethral resection (TUR), and identification of predictive factors for residual cancer remain unrevealed. This study aimed to find residual cancer and up-staging rates, as well as predictive factors for residual cancer, in patients who undergo second TUR for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).