PURPOSE: To assess whether the correction dose recommended by the summary of product characteristics was adequate and to confirm the adequacy of the recommended conversion dosing strategies from shorter-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C.E.R.A) in anaemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the clinical setting.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary fistula and ureteral stenosis occur respectively in 2-5% and 2-7.5% after kidney transplantation.

Various urological complications in VATER association require careful management.

BACKGROUND: Live donor nephrectomy has gained popularity on account of the laparoscopic technique, to overcome a small donor pool.

OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and long-term outcomes of use of the inferior epigastric artery (IEA) for revascularization of small accessory kidney arteries (3 mm or less).

Echinococcosis of the kidneys in a renal transplant recipient is extremely rare and its occurrence being related to immunosuppression is a possibility which needs further characterisation.

A 50-year-old man, who had received an ABO-incompatible living related preemptive renal transplantation 1 year before, presented with painful lesions on both lower extremities and fever.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients with pathological, medical renal disease, defined as evidence of pathological abnormalities indicative of renal damage in the non-neoplastic partial nephrectomy specimens, have worsened functional outcomes following robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

PURPOSE: The relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in population with diabetes remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and causes of urethral stricture after kidney transplantation, as well as analyze its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

AIM: The moderate, severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are well-recognized risk factors of bone loss.

Kidney transplantation is the standard of care for patients with end stage renal disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the success of endoscopic treatment of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after renal transplantation and to identify the predictive factors of success.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cardiac surgery, the incidence varying between 7.7% and 28.1%.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate baseline renal dysfunction among patients undergoing urological oncological surgery and its impact on early postoperative outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Plasma selenium (Se) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Pxs) enzyme activity of the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually lower than healthy individuals; however, the effect of Se supplementation on the GSH-Pxs activity in those patients remains unclear.

PURPOSE: The use of small pediatric kidneys obtained from very young donors after cardiac death (DCD) has been limited and this remains an underutilized organ source.

PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of intraoperative infusion of 20 % human albumin versus 0.9 % normal saline on early and late graft function in renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis that increases morbidity and mortality rate in them.

PURPOSE: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acquired renal cystic disease associated with dialysis are known risk factors of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC); however, it is not known whether renal insufficiency alone is a risk factor for pRCC.