The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Penile Carcinoma and Emerging Therapeutic Concepts: A Review - Beyond the Abstract
We highlight differences in the composition of immune cells, peritumoral stromal cells, vascular cells, and the expression of surface proteins to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the complex reorganization of the TME in PC. In our opinion, this is a valuable synthesis of current studies to better understand potential therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), and angiogenesis inhibitors in PC. Furthermore, clinical trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates are discussed, which have the potential to be "game changers" for this aggressive neoplasm.
Written by: August Fiegl, Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany; Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
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