To evaluate the impact of personalized dwell-time (DT) reductions on symptom prevalence and systemic toxicities in patients undergoing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Within a multinational randomized controlled trial (North-REG Dwell Time Study [NCT04701151]), 225 patients provided daily electronic patient-reported outcomes data during BCG induction and maintenance cycles. Participants were randomized 1:1, stratified by clinical site, sex, and concomitant carcinoma in situ, to either a standard care arm (control) or an intervention arm. Toxicity was analysed using a 'worst-day' principle to capture peak symptom burden. All patients initially received a standard 120-min DT. In the intervention group, algorithm-guided DT reductions (to 60 or 30 min) were triggered by real-time symptom severity, whereas the control group maintained a 120-min DT.
At baseline, 69% vs. 71% (control vs. intervention) of participants reported pre-existing symptoms, primarily lower urinary tract symptoms such as pollakiuria and urgency. During induction, the intervention group experienced significantly lower rates of urgency at week 3 (34% vs. 47%, P = 0.04) and week 6 (32% vs. 49%, P = 0.01). Significant reductions were also observed during maintenance at week 9 for systemic symptoms (30% vs. 61%, P < 0.001) and fatigue (22% vs. 47%, P = 0.001). Total adherence to the 15-instillation protocol was 38% in the intervention group and 40% in the control group.
Daily electronic patient-reported outcomes monitoring revealed that patients with NMIBC have a high baseline symptom burden prior to BCG therapy. Symptom-guided DT reductions may reduce local urgency and systemic toxicity and improve treatment tolerability. However, treatment completion does not seem to be affected.
BJU international. 2026 Jul 31 [Epub ahead of print]
Lene Munk, Josephine Maria Hyldgaard, Vanaja Kumasegaram, Rikke Vilsbøl Milling, Simone Buchardt Brandt, Juan Luis Vásquez, Knud Fabrin, Gitte Wrist Lam, Lasse Bro, Sigurður Gudjonsson, Viveka Ströck, Tomas Jerlsström, Tomas Thiel, Maria Skydt Lindgren, Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen, Charlotte Graugaard-Jensen
Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark., Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark., Department of Urology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark., Department of Urology, Herlev Regional Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark., Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Department of Urology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland., Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Department of Urology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden., Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.