Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer poses significant therapeutic challenges due to high recurrence and progression rates. While intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has long been the standard, limitations in efficacy, global shortages, and patient-specific contraindications to radical cystectomy have fueled the development of novel bladder-sparing therapies. Recent advances include UGN-102 for low-grade/intermediate-risk disease and multiple FDA-approved agents-nadofaragene firadenovec, TAR-200, and nogapendekin alfa inbakicept-for BCG-unresponsive disease. Ongoing trials of TAR-210, cretostimogene, and other combination regimens promise to further expand options. Comparative studies and real-world evidence will be critical to define optimal sequencing, benchmark outcomes against radical cystectomy, and address quality-of-life considerations.
The Urologic clinics of North America. 2026 Apr 27 [Epub]
Betty Wang, Ilaha Isali, Adam Calaway, Laura Bukavina
Department of Urology, Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/hjwang26., Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/IlahaIsali., Department of Urology, Case Western University Hospitals, Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA., Department of Urology, Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: .