To identify patient-level factors that can lead to treatment disparities for muscle invasive bladder cancer, we examine factors associated with receipt of definitive therapy, type of definitive therapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy administration in a statewide cohort of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients.
We identified 2,434 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer between 2010 and 2015 using the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. We divided the cohort into three subsamples to examine receipt of treatment: definitive therapy among all muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (n = 1548), cystectomy (n = 1254) vs. trimodal therapy (n = 294), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy among radical cystectomy patients (n = 1156). Multivariable logistic regression models controlling for patient-level covariates, including insurance status, and socioeconomic disadvantage (based on Area Deprivation Index from census tract data) were estimated to examine factors associated with each treatment outcome.
Only 64% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients underwent definitive therapy. Those receiving trimodal therapy were more likely to be covered by Medicare than those undergoing cystectomy. Uninsured patients were less likely to undergo definitive treatment and Medicare-insured patients were less likely to undergo cystectomy as their definitive therapy. Patients with greater socioeconomic disadvantage were less likely to receive definitive treatment, undergo cystectomy, or receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Over the course of the study period, there was increased neoadjuvant chemotherapy use, but a persistent gap by neighborhood socioeconomic status.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and insurance status are patient-level factors associated with suboptimal treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Urologic oncology. 2022 Jan 09 [Epub ahead of print]
Anup A Shah, ZhaoJun Sun, Kirsten Y Eom, Valentina Grajales, Kelly R Pekala, Benjamin J Davies, Bruce L Jacobs, Lindsay M Sabik
Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: ., Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA., Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.