ADRENAL DISORDERS: INCREASED, DECREASED, AND NORMAL FUNCTION
- Increased Function
- Adrenal cortex
- Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- Cushing's syndrome
- Adrenogenital syndromes
- Adrenal medulla
- Pheochromocytoma
- Adrenal cortex
- Decreased Function
- Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- Idiopathic adrenal atrophy
- Granulomatous disease
- Infarction and hemorrhage
- Metastatic tumor
- Infiltration lesions (i.e., amyloidosis)
- Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- Normal Function
- Adenoma and carcinoma
- Myelolipoma
- Adrenal cysts
- Pseudotumors
- Exophytic renal mass
- Hepatic mass
- Interposition of colon into hepatorenal recess
- Dilated IVC
References
- Blumenfeld JD, Schlusse, Sealey JE, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Intern Med, 121:877-885, 1994.
- Blumenfeld JD, Vaughan ED Jr.: The adrenals. In: Campbell's Urology. 7th Ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1998, pp. 2915-2971.
- Manger WM, Gifford RW Jr.: Pheochromocytoma. A clinical review. In: Hypertension Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. 1995, pp. 2225-2246.
- Orth DN: Cushing syndrome. N Eng J Med 332:791-795, 1995.
- Ulchaker JC, Goldfarb DA, Bravo EL, Novick AC: Successful outcomes in pheochromocytoma surgery in the modern era. J Urol 161:764-767, 1999. Vaughan ED Jr.: Adrenal surgery. F. F. Marshall, Ed. In: Textbook of Operative Surgery. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996, p 220-230.
- Vaughan ED Jr., (ed): Diagnosis and treatments of adrenal disorders. World J Urol 17:1064, 1999.