Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

ADRENAL DISORDERS: INCREASED, DECREASED, AND NORMAL FUNCTION

  • Increased Function
    • Adrenal cortex
      • Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
      • Cushing's syndrome
      • Adrenogenital syndromes
    • Adrenal medulla
      • Pheochromocytoma
  • Decreased Function
    • Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
      • Idiopathic adrenal atrophy
      • Granulomatous disease
      • Infarction and hemorrhage
      • Metastatic tumor
      • Infiltration lesions (i.e., amyloidosis)
  • Normal Function
    • Adenoma and carcinoma
    • Myelolipoma
    • Adrenal cysts
  • Pseudotumors
    • Exophytic renal mass
    • Hepatic mass
    • Interposition of colon into hepatorenal recess
    • Dilated IVC

References

  • Blumenfeld JD, Schlusse, Sealey JE, et al: Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Intern Med, 121:877-885, 1994.
  • Blumenfeld JD, Vaughan ED Jr.: The adrenals. In: Campbell's Urology. 7th Ed. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1998, pp. 2915-2971.

     

  • Manger WM, Gifford RW Jr.: Pheochromocytoma. A clinical review. In: Hypertension Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. 1995, pp. 2225-2246.
  • Orth DN: Cushing syndrome. N Eng J Med 332:791-795, 1995.
  • Ulchaker JC, Goldfarb DA, Bravo EL, Novick AC: Successful outcomes in pheochromocytoma surgery in the modern era. J Urol 161:764-767, 1999. Vaughan ED Jr.: Adrenal surgery. F. F. Marshall, Ed. In: Textbook of Operative Surgery. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996, p 220-230.
  • Vaughan ED Jr., (ed): Diagnosis and treatments of adrenal disorders. World J Urol 17:1064, 1999.