A few prospective studies have suggested that tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption may reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, little is known whether such associations and their combined effect persist in Chinese adults, for whom the popular tea and alcohol drinks are different from those investigated in the aforementioned studies. The present study included 502,621 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Information about tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was self-reported at baseline. The first documented cases of kidney stones during follow-up were collected through linkage with the national health insurance system. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median of 11.1 years of follow-up, we collected 12,407 cases of kidney stones. After multivariable adjustment, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption were found to be negatively associated with kidney stone risk, but the linear trend was only found in tea and fruit consumption. Compared with non-tea consumers, the HR (95% CI) for participants who drank ≥7 cups of tea per day was 0.73 (0.65-0.83). Compared with non-alcohol consumers, the HR (95% CI) was 0.79 (0.72-0.87) for participants who drank pure alcohol of 30.0-59.9 g per day but had no further decrease with a higher intake of alcohol. Compared with less-than-weekly consumers, the HR (95% CI) for daily fruit consumers was 0.81 (0.75-0.87). Even for those who did not drink alcohol excessively, increasing tea and fruit consumption could also independently reduce the stone risk. Among Chinese adults, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of kidney stones.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 29*** epublish ***
Han Wang, Junning Fan, Canqing Yu, Yu Guo, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen, Huaidong Du, Fanwen Meng, Junshi Chen, Zhengming Chen, Jun Lv, Liming Li
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China., Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China., Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK., Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545007, China., China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China., Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.