Minimally invasive stone surgery has largely replaced open procedures, propelled by rapid advances in percutaneous nephrolithotomy, shock‑wave lithotripsy, and flexible ureteroscopy. Over the past decade, robotic retrograde intrarenal surgery has emerged as a promising modality poised to drive the next paradigm shift. This review comprehensively summarizes the current state of robotic retrograde intrarenal surgery, contrasts robotic‑assisted systems with traditional approaches, and examines the feasibility of widespread adoption.
The Urologic clinics of North America. 2025 May 20 [Epub]
Jaime Landman, Aymon Ali, Bruce M Gao, Roshan M Patel
Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: ., Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA., Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, Kidney Stone Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.