British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) and Nurses (BAUN) Consensus Document: Management of the Complications of Long Term Indwelling Catheters.
Complications of long-term indwelling catheters include catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), purple urine bag syndrome, catheter blockages, bladder spasms (causing pain and urinary leakage), loss of bladder capacity, urethral erosion ("catheter hypospadias")/dilatation of bladder outlet and chronic inflammation, (metaplasia and cancer risk).