Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Articles

Patients diagnosed with non-clear renal cell carcinoma have often been excluded from clinical trials due to the shortage of treatments available, the low incidence of tumours with non-clear histology, and the corresponding diversity of intrinsic molecular features.

Cabozantinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that potently inhibits MET and AXL, both associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), next to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, KIT, FLT3 and RET.

Nivolumab and cabozantinib are currently approved agents in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) but there are no data available for patients progressing to both treatments. The aim of this study was to compare active therapeutic options and best supportive care (BSC) after progression to nivolumab and cabozantinib in mRCC.

Evidence for sequencing targeted therapy (TT) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) beyond third line is limited. Treatment decisions for these sequence options are largely based on individual preferences and experience.

Sunitinib (SU) and pazopanib (PZ) are standards of care for first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, how the efficacy of these drugs translates into effectiveness on a population-based level is unknown.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) may have effects on the MAPK/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway, and the resulting phenotypes may influence the response to sunitinib-targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma.

Cabozantinib improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) compared with everolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after prior antiangiogenic therapy in the phase III METEOR trial (NCT01865747).

Tivozanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets all vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), causing inhibition of angiogenesis. It has recently been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and for adult patients who are VEGFR and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitor-naive, following disease progression after one prior treatment with cytokine therapy for advanced RCC.