Risk Factor Articles

Little is known about the association of diet with risk of bladder cancer. This might be due to the fact that the majority of studies have focused on single food items, rather than dietary patterns, which may better capture any influence of diet on bladder cancer risk.

The objective of this study was to determine lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and associated risk factors in women aged 40 years and over.

The study was carried out with a total of 312 women.

Observational studies suggest that shift work may be associated with prostate cancer. However, the results are inconsistent. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess the association between shift work and the risk of prostate cancer.

Purpose: Based on a large-population analysis, we aimed to estimate the incidence and survival of bone metastases (BM) in initial bladder cancer (BC) patients and to identify the risk and prognostic factors of BC patients with BM.

It was believed that neurogenic bladder (NB) might be a risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, data are limited regarding the real incidence or risk of CKD in NB. In addition, serum creatinine (sCr), a classical marker of renal function, is not reliable in NB patients because they present muscle wasting due to disuse or denervation.

The objective of the present study was to report the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs) and identify risk factors for SREs in patients with genitourinary cancer with newly diagnosed bone metastasis.

To further analyse the relation between coffee, tea and energy drinks and bladder cancer risk, considering dose, duration, and other time-related factors.

A multicentric case-control study on 690 bladder cancer cases and 665 hospital controls was conducted in Italy between 2003 and 2014.

Background: Some classification models for determining the risk of recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) had some shortcomings in clinical applications.

The incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) after kidney transplantation (KT) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is growing. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of UTI caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in the survival of graft and recipients following KT.

The incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing worldwide in recent years. The GLOBOCAN project showed that prostate cancer was the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide in 2012.

Upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively uncommon disease with limited available evidence on specific topics. The purpose of this article was to review the previous literature to summarize the current knowledge about UTUC epidemiology, diagnosis, preoperative evaluation and prognostic assessment.

To update current recommendations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of bladder cancer (BC) based on a thorough assessment of the most recent literature on these topics.

A non-systematic review was performed, including articles until June 2017.

A study to evaluate the prevalence of uric acid (UA) nephrolithiasis with dual-energy CT (DECT) and explore the risk factors for kidney stones in primary gout patients.

Eighty-four consecutive gout patients underwent urinary tract ultrasonography or DECT to confirm the existence of kidney stones.

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively uncommon malignancy in Western countries, affecting more men than women. By contrast, UTUC is relatively common in Taiwan and diagnosed more often in women than in men.

The study aimed to evaluate whether hypertension was a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Databases including PubMed and Embase were retrieved to identify studies related to hypertension in ED patients.

Currently, there is no consensus regarding which patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) would benefit the most by radical prostatectomy (RP). We aimed to identify patients with high-risk PCa who are treatable by RP alone.

The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic tissue markers for several survival outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy among patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.

Tumor location in bladder neck has reported to be a prognostic factor for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We investigated the impact of bladder neck involvement (BNI) on recurrence in NMIBC using time-dependent covariate analysis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing 25 different cancers in patients followed for up to 30 years in general practices in the UK.

This study included all individuals with at least one visit to one of 196 general practitioners' offices in the UK between January 1988 and December 2008 (index date).

Urinary stone disease is a common condition. We investigated the usefulness of medical treatment for infants with urinary stones 5 mm or smaller. The study included 197 infants (86 girls and 111 boys) with urolithiasis ≤ 5 mm who were referred to our Department of Nephrology between 2014 and 2016.

The study was carried out to examine the expression of ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and to explore the relationship between the expression of ATM and the clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis of ccRCC.

To compare stone composition and serum/urine biochemistries in stone formers with multiple sclerosis (MS) against stone formers without MS and to examine the association between mobility, methods of bladder emptying, and stone formation.

Background: Different proportions of Gleason pattern 3 and Gleason pattern 4 lead to various prognosis of prostate cancer with Gleason score 7. The objective of this study was to compare the survival outcomes of Gleason score 3+4 and 4+3 based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry database, and to investigate independent prognosis-associated factors and develop nomograms for predicting survival in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer patients.

The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to evaluate overweight and obesity as risk factors for urinary incontinence in young to mid-aged women. Understanding these relationships during this life stage is important as early onset increases the risk for developing severe and persistent incontinence.

This study aims to identify predictive local recurrence risk factors and site-specific local recurrence pattern of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) with different primary tumor locations.

Three hundred and eighty-nine UTUC patients with radical nephroureterectomy were included in this study.

Post-operative infection after radical cystectomy is a common complication. It is essential to identify modifiable risk factors that can predict post-operative infection to reduce the incidence of infection after radical cystectomy.

Purpose: To create a pre-operatively usable tool to identify patients at high risk of early death (within 90 days post-operatively) after radical cystectomy and to assess potential risk factors for post-operative and surgery related mortality.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common complication after flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) despite technical precautions to avoid infectious complications. The aim was to investigate incidence and predictive risk factors of UTI following fURS procedure.

The prevalence of storage symptoms, including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB), is high in women worldwide. In Japan, there have been few large-scale epidemiological surveys of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and the risk factors for these symptoms are unclear.

The International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) defines urinary incontinence (UI) as 'involuntary leakage of urine' [1], a condition that can have a negative impact on a child's life. Although UI is common among children, the reported prevalences worldwide vary.

No compelling evidence is available about surveillance and follow-up of patients with testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT).

In the light of the best clinical evidence, the Italian Germ cell cancer Group (IGG) and the Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM) set up a multidisciplinary national consensus conference, involving 42 leading experts and 3 TGCT survivors.

We evaluated prognostic risk factors of recurrence-free survival (RFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) outcomes in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (nmRCC) after curative nephrectomy during long-term follow-up.

To retrospectively investigate the risk factors and time to occurrence of genitourinary (GU) toxicity after radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.

The study included 320 patients. The radiotherapy planning target volume encompassed the prostate with a 1-cm margin in the transverse plane and a 1-cm margin (Group A) or a 1.

To determine the risk factors of intraoperative cyst rupture in partial nephrectomy (PN) for a cystic renal mass (CRM) and their effect on the prognosis of patients.

Patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for CRMs from January 2009 to January 2015 were included.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a distressing symptom affecting females globally and is one of the most common complications of delivery. The etiology of female SUI is multifactorial, and the trauma caused by delivery is one of the most important risk factors for SUI.

The mechanism of upper tract recurrence after local excision of bladder cancer remains unknown. This study was designed to identify risk factors for upper tract urothelial recurrence following local tumor excision of bladder cancer.

Objective: Many published studies have investigated the association between CYP17 rs743572 polymorphism and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) susceptibility but have yielded inconsistent results. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis using the multivariate statistic method to address a more precise association.

Urine is a supersaturated solution with solutes in very high concentration. Matrix gla protein (MGP) is one of the proteins involved in inhibition of extracellular calcification. Among the various polymorphisms studied, polymorphism of SNP rs4236 in the MGP gene is found to have association with nephrolithiasis.

Bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia have been two very common diseases among the elderly men, especially with the aging of the population in the world. We have designed a study to investigate the clinical effect of interventional therapy for plasmakinetic resection of the prostate and plasmakinetic resection of the bladder, which is called "BPSC" (The bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia study in Chinese population).

To investigate the longitudinal association of microalbuminuria with overactive bladder (OAB).

This longitudinal study investigated 561 participants of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in both 2015 and 2019 in Japan.

With meta-analysis we tented to reveal the potential relationship between daily fluid consumption and bladder cancer risk, and to find out a recommendation on daily fluid intake. Databases of the Web of Science, PubMed and EMBASE were searched then 21 case-control and 5 cohort studies were included.

To assess current treatment trends and perioperative outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in a tertiary institution.

We prospectively collected a database of all patients undergoing TURP and PVP for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) at a tertiary hospital between January 2011 and December 2013.

We aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in nulliparous female university students and to provide an overview of risk factors associated with urinary continence.

A total of 1,397 female university students aged 18-28 years were enrolled into this cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Prostate cancer is ubiquitous in older men; differential screening patterns and variations in biopsy recommendations and acceptance will affect which man is diagnosed and, therefore, evaluation of cancer risk factors.