Risk Assessment Articles

Traditional surgical risk indices are notoriously inaccurate, especially for the elderly, so there has been a trend to evaluate frailty instead.

To describe a simplified five-item frailty index for evaluating radical cystectomy outcomes and compare its predictive ability with other risk assessment tools for a total patient cohort and a subgroup of patients aged ≥65yr.

The presence of extracapsular extension (ECE) in prostate cancer (PCa) can influence a surgeon's decision to perform a nerve-sparing approach during radical prostatectomy (RP). Preoperatively, multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) is often used to stage PCa.

Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is known to be a heterogeneous malignancy that requires varying treatment modalities and follow-up schedules. Low-grade Ta papillary tumors are categorized as low-risk NMIBC because of their favorable prognosis.

PURPOSE - To assess the performance of prospectively assigned MRI-based Likert scale scores for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer and to analyze the pre-biopsy imaging variables associated with increased cancer detection using targeted MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy.

The Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Post-Surgical (CAPRA-S) score is a simple post-operative risk assessment tool predicting disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy, which is easily calculated using available clinical data.

Over the last decade, the improvement in molecular techniques and the acquisition of genomic information has transformed and increased the quality of patient care and our knowledge of diseases. Areas covered: Protein expression levels in immunohistochemistry and molecular biomarkers are reported for their ability to predict recurrence, progression, development of metastases, or patient survival.

To determine whether providing individualized predictions of health outcomes to men on active surveillance (AS) alleviates cancer-related anxiety and improves risk understanding.

We consecutively recruited men from our large, institutional AS program before (n=36) and after (n=31) implementation of a risk prediction tool.

Aim: To evaluate active surveillance (AS) selection, safety and durability among men with low-risk prostate cancer assessed using the clinical cell-cycle risk (CCR) score, a combined clinical and molecular score.

To compare the diagnostic performance between diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters and mono-exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for determination of clinically significant cancer (CSC, Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7) in patients with histologically proven prostate cancer (PCa).

To assess whether the visibility of grade group (GG)1 prostate cancer (PCa) on baseline multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) affects clinical outcomes.

We evaluated 454 men who underwent mpMRI between 2006 and 2018 with maximum GG1 PCa inclusive of MRI-targeted biopsy.

To best employ radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastasis, we investigated the bone-predominant status in patients treated with Ra-223.

To externally validate the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk calculator and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines in a contemporary population of U.

Because a significant number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) are diagnosed with disease unlikely to cause harm, genetic markers associated with clinically aggressive PCa have potential clinical utility.

To evaluate the better risk stratification based on surgical pathology, and to predict oncologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) with a better scoring system in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Arsenic is a human carcinogen that occurs ubiquitously in soil and water. Based on epidemiological studies, a benchmark dose (lower/higher bound estimate) between 0.3 and 8 μg/kg bw/day was estimated to cause a 1 % increased risk of lung, skin and bladder cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate a single-institution experience with radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP), radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) with respect to onco-surgical outcomes in patients with intermediate-risk (IR; PSA 10-20 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score bGS 7 or cT2b-2c) and high-risk (HR; PSA >20 ng/mL, bGS ≥8, or ≥cT3) prostate cancer (PCa).

To determine the incremental diagnostic value of targeted biopsies added to an extended sextant biopsy scheme on a per-patient, risk-stratified basis in 2 academic centers using different multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, a large group of radiologists, multiple biopsy systems, and different biopsy operators.

We report the findings of a single Italian center in the evaluation of renal lesions in deceased donors from 2001 to 2017. In risk evaluation, we applied the current Italian guidelines, which include donors with small (< 4 cm, stage pT1a) renal carcinomas in the category of non-standard donors with a negligible risk of cancer transmission.

Recently approved second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (SGARIs) for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have similar efficacy but differ in safety profiles. We used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine how nmCRPC patients and caregivers perceive the benefits versus risks of these new treatments.

Single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic risk score (GRS) has been developed and validated for prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment. As GRS is population standardized, its value can be interpreted as a relative risk to the general population.

Early identification of early death for bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy based on the laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis could improve the overall survival. The study aimed to explore preoperative factors associated with higher risk of early death (within 1 year after surgery) for bladder cancer patients.

Preoperative risk assessment is standard in adult surgery, but often these risk assessments cannot be applied to children. Previous studies emphasize the differences between pediatric and adult populations and variability by surgical procedure types.

The present study aimed to re-stratify patients with high-risk prostate cancer according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines among patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in the development of anogenital and head and neck cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC) after a first potentially-HPV-related cancer, and to analyze the sites where SPCs most frequently occurred in these patients.

Despite advances in surgical technique and perioperative care pathways, complication rates following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer remain high and perioperative outcomes for elderly patients are suboptimal.

Background. Men with a low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) should consider observation, particularly active surveillance (AS), a monitoring strategy that avoids active treatment (AT) in the absence of disease progression.

The risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy for pathologic Gleason 7 prostate cancer varies according to the proportion of Gleason 4 component.

We sought to explore the value of several novel quantitative metrics of Gleason 4 disease for the prediction of BCR in men with Gleason 7 disease.

Testosterone deficiency and prostate cancer have an increasing prevalence with age. However, because of the relationship between prostate cancer and androgen receptor activation, testosterone therapy among patients with known prostate cancer has been approached with caution.

Risk stratification of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) after cystectomy has important clinical and research implications. The authors assessed the relative effect of tumor stage and lymph node status on cancer-specific survival (CSS) after cystectomy and developed a simplified risk-assessment tool.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with poor survival. We sought to identify prognostic factors and assess its clinical utility in postoperative management of nonmetastatic ACC.

We included 65 patients who underwent adrenalectomy and clinicopathological diagnosed as European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) stage I-III ACC in our center from 2009 to 2017.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of bone metastases in treatment-naïve prostate cancer patients eligible for a metastatic workup using whole-body MRI, and to evaluate the results in light of current guidelines.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) became recognised in investigating those with suspected prostate cancer between 2010 and 2012; in the USA, the preventative task force moratorium on PSA screening was a strong catalyst.

Out-of-field organs can be affected by secondary radiations originating from high energy linear accelerators, leading to an increased risk of carcinogenesis. The aim of this work was to determine the risk of second primary cancers (SPC) in the organs distal to the prostate during 3D conformal radiotherapy.

To determine whether the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) among patients with bladder cancer (BCa) has changed over past years.

Data from ten French population-based cancer registries were used to establish a cohort of 10,047 patients diagnosed with a first invasive (T1 or greater) BCa between 1989 and 2004 and followed up until 2007.