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Nivolumab, an anti-PD1 immune control point inhibitor, is the first treatment that has improved the overall survival of patients after first-line metastatic renal cell carcinoma in 2015. Over the past two years, a large number of trials on these treatments and the interest of associations are being evaluated.

Along with an increase in the worldwide prevalence of renal tumors and urolithiasis, recently there has been a clear tendency for co-occurrence of the two diseases. An analysis of the literature has revealed several unresolved issues, including the identification of the causal link between the two diseases and determination of rational therapies for their combination, which necessitates a careful investigation of the problem.

Due to advanced imaging techniques, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is now identified earlier, often in localized stages. As a result, nephron-sparing surgical resection is possible in most cases. The development of new targeted therapies has changed the way metastatic RCC is treated.

The incidence of the renal cell carcinoma in Russia and worldwide remains high. Current literature reports isolated cases of patients who were diagnosed and treated for malignant neoplasms of dystopic kidneys.

Improved understanding of the immunomodulatory interactions between tumor cells and immune cells has led to new and promising systemic therapeutic approaches in the first- and second-line therapy of urological tumors.

In the treatment of localized renal cell carcinoma, the lack of randomization in controlled trials on thermal ablation is a major limitation. The latter leads to significant study bias and it ultimately remains unclear whether the improved overall survival in favor of partial nephrectomy can actually be attributed to the treatment method.

Assess patient-level utility of suggested pretreatment biomarkers of sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Kaplan-Meier analysis of data from a randomized, Phase II study (n = 292) suggested baseline predictive value for circulating soluble Ang-2 and MMP-2 and HIF-1α percentage of tumor expression.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for only 2-6 % of pediatric renal tumors. Chromophobe RCC is very rare in pediatric patients, with only a few cases reported. A 12-year-old girl who had abdominal and left flank pain visited the pediatric clinic of a local hospital.

We report the case of a 58-year-old Japanese man with bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The diameters of the right and left tumors were 56 and 69 mm, respectively. Both tumors were endophytic.

To study the short and intermediate surgical, renal functional, and oncologic outcomes of multiplex partial nephrectomy (mPN) and standard partial nephrectomy (sPN) in the setting of a solitary kidney.

The treatment paradigm of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed rapidly in recent years. In first-line treatment of intermediate- to poor-risk patients, the CheckMate 214 study demonstrated a significant survival advantage for nivolumab and ipilimumab versus sunitinib.

Sunitinib resistance is, nowadays, the major challenge for advanced renal cell carcinoma patients. Illuminating the potential mechanisms and exploring effective strategies to overcome sunitinib resistance are highly desired.

Surgical benefits for renal cell carcinoma must be weighed against competing causes of mortality, especially in the elderly patient population. We used a large cancer registry to evaluate the impact of patient and cancer-specific factors on 90-day mortality (90DM).

The coexistence of two malignancies is rarely seen. A little association between hematologic malignancies especially multiple myeloma and renal cell carcinoma has been reported in the recent past. Several case series revealed a bidirectional association between these two malignancies which may be due to the common risk factors, similar cytokine growth requirements and clinical presentation.

The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is dysregulated in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Buparlisib is a pan-PI3K inhibitor with activity in advanced solid tumors.

Cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70) is frequently expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and has immunomodulatory properties. An antibody-drug conjugate targeting CD70, SGN-CD70A, was developed to treat patients with CD70-positive RCC.

In a prior open-label study, the combination of dalantercept, a novel antiangiogenic targeting activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), plus axitinib was deemed safe and tolerable with a promising efficacy signal in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Nivolumab is approved for mRCC patients who have received prior anti-angiogenic therapy but the duration of therapy required for sustained clinical benefit is unknown. A phase II clinical trial to investigate the feasibility of intermittent nivolumab dosing was conducted.

Activation of the phosphoinisitide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway through mutation and constitutive upregulation have been described in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.

Nanoparticle-drug conjugates (NDC) enhance drug delivery to tumors. Gradual payload release inside cancer cells augments antitumor activity while reducing toxicity. CRLX101 is a novel NDC containing camptothecin a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase I and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) 1α and 2α.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of local tumor would induce an abscopal effect that has been observed in several kinds of human cancers; one important mechanism may involve the improved activation of the host immune system.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a disease that portends poor prognosis despite an increasing number of novel systemic treatment options including new targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Ablative intervention directed at oligometastatic RCC has demonstrated survival benefit.

Despite the rise of small renal tumour (SRMs) diagnosis and related surgeries, death rate of kidney cancer is increasing, suggesting a non-optimal management of SRMs. Active Surveillance (AS) for kidney cancer was introduced to face this paradox.

AIM - Vascular endothelial growth facto receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) are widely used for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the response to VEGFR-TKIs and hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism.

There remain discrepancies over the factors that influence oncologic outcomes after radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy (RNTE). To assess significant predictors of oncologic outcomes after RNTE from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective is to evaluate the prognostic benefit of the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI) in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy with curative intent.

There is an unmet clinical need for better prognostic and diagnostic tools for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Human Protein Atlas data resources, including the transcriptomes and proteomes of normal and malignant human tissues, were searched for RCC-specific proteins and cubilin (CUBN) identified as a candidate.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is proved to be the ninth most common malignancy. Two-third of the patients suffering from RCC will present metastases. Secondary metastases of RCC to spermatic cord are very rare.

Postoperative surveillance protocols after nephrectomy for kidney cancer include periodic computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest and abdomen. A single study exposes the patient to 21 mSv (equivalent to 7-year exposure to natural background radiation).

Background and aim Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) cause significant adverse events including thyroid dysfunction, mainly hypothyroidism, in a considerable proportion of patients.

To evaluate accuracy of MRI in detecting renal tumor pseudocapsule (PC) invasion and to propose a classification based on imaging of PC status in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

From January 2017 to June 2018, 58 consecutive patients with localized renal cell carcinoma were prospectively enrolled.

Background: Acquired von Willebrand disease (AvWD) is a rare and often underdiagnosed disease that typically is associated with lymphoproliferative, cardiovascular disease, and myeloproliferative disease.

To investigate the expression of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway components and the prognostic role of the KYN-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) in a cohort of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

The association between cigarette smoking and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma is not well studied. We examined the impact of cigarette smoking on survival of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma using the multi-institutional national database of the Japanese Urological Association.

To evaluate the oncologic outcomes among a large cohort of octogenarian patients placed on active surveillance for a localized renal mass.

We retrospectively reviewed patients ≥80 years of age presenting for asymptomatic, incidentally detected clinically localized stage T1 renal mass between 2006 and 2013 who were followed by active surveillance (AS).

The role of antiangiogenic agents in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is well established. However, it is still not clear whether this benefit can be extrapolated to the adjuvant setting.

To determine the efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic agents in patients with RCC and a high risk of relapse after nephrectomy.

Many adjuvant therapies have been widely used in an attempt to reduce the local recurrence or distant metastasis of locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgical resection. However, the benefits of adjuvant therapy remain controversial.

The success of targeted therapies, including inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway or the mammalian target of rapamycin, in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) led to interest in testing their efficacy in the adjuvant setting.

Several drugs have demonstrated clinical activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The identification of key metabolic pathways has led to the development of novel targeted therapies which have drastically changed the treatment paradigm of mRCC.

Adjuvant therapy for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. Of the four reported randomized controlled trials evaluating adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition, only one met its primary endpoint.

Clear cell carcinoma is the most common form of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Metastatic RCC is poorly responsive to treatment and has a bleak prognosis. Newer systemic agents have improved outcomes. Furthermore, their interaction with radiation treatment (RT) may provide further therapeutic options.

Medical imaging of the 3 most common genitourinary (GU) cancers-prostate adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder-has evolved significantly during the last decades.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known to occur across the adult lifetime traversing the spectrum of age-related organismal changes. Little is known as to how the aging process may affect the course of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the repertoire of genes involved.

Knowledge of the clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of pediatric renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) remains limited, and approximately 16-24% of these neoplasms cannot be classified into specific subtypes.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after intratumoral injection of 99mTc labeled nanocolloid and imaging with scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in renal tumors is feasible. However, sentinel lymph node (SN) non-detection rate with scintigraphy and SPECT/CT is high.

Follow-up protocols after surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lack clear evidence linking the intensity of imaging surveillance to improved outcomes. In this context, we sought to characterize the relationship between intensity of surveillance imaging and cancer-specific survival.

Enrollment of a representative study population permits generalizable and reliable results for clinical trials. We sought to evaluate whether patients enrolled in trials for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are representative of the overall population of advanced RCC patients in the United States.

Lack of accuracy in preoperative imaging leads to overtreatment of benign renal masses (RMs) or indolent renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is real time and high resolution, enabling quantitative analysis through attenuation coefficient (μOCT, mm(-1)).

TRC105 is an IgG1 endoglin monoclonal antibody that potentiates VEGF inhibitors in preclinical models. We assessed safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of TRC105 in combination with axitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

One of the major challenges of personalized oncology lies in identifying predictive biomarkers of response to therapy that are practical in the clinical setting. Although many new targeted and immune-based treatments have emerged in recent years as effective systemic therapy options in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), optimizing the selection and sequencing of treatments for any individual patient with this disease remains a significant challenge.