Limited data are available on patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder managed according to current clinical practice guidelines.
To assess the patterns of recurrence, progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in patients with CIS, and to compare the effectiveness of adequate versus inadequate bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy.