Although ureteroscopic surgery (URS) is beneficial for low-risk upper urinary tract carcinoma (UTUC), there is no standardized URS technique or navigation system for challenging cases.
To present a URS technique for UTUC using thulium (Tm):YAG and holmium (Ho):YAG lasers under photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) guidance, named PDD-guided dual laser ablation (PDD-DLA) and compare its efficacy with that of conventional Ho:YAG laser ablation (HLA; historical control).