Personalized Medicine Articles

The ESMO/ECC congress (European Society for Medical Oncology/European Cancer Congress) took place in Vienna, Austria, September 25-29. The main topic of the conference was immunotherapies especially in advanced kidney cancer with nivolumab in phase III and in metastatic lung cancer with atezolizumab in phase II.

The treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) are currently limited to established chemotherapy and immunotherapy protocols. Targeted treatment is so far restricted to a small subgroup of patients.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common side effect of prostate cancer treatment, but in clinical practice, it is difficult to predict. Machine learning (ML) models have shown promising results in predicting outcomes, yet the lack of transparency in complex models known as "black-box" has made clinicians wary of relying on them in sensitive decisions.

Recent studies have reported improvement of outcomes (progression-free survival, overall survival, and prolongation of androgen deprivation treatment-free survival) with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer.

Purpose: Men with prostate cancer often describe low levels of empowerment. eHealth interventions may represent useful tools to deliver care and education and to meet patients' needs within an empowerment framework.

To systematically review evaluation guidelines of uncomplicated urinary incontinence (UI) in community-dwelling adult women to assess guidance available to the full range of providers treating UI.

Systematic literature search of eight bibliographic databases.

Muscle-invasive bladder tumors are associated with a high risk of relapse and metastasis even after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Therefore, further therapeutic options are needed and molecular characterization of the disease may help to identify new targets.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, comprising approximately 75% of all kidney tumors. Recent the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) studies have significantly advanced the molecular characterization of RCC and facilitated the development of targeted therapies.

Precision medicine can improve patient management by guiding therapeutic decision based on molecular characteristics. The concept has been extensively addressed through the application of -omics based approaches.

Interstitial Cystitis or Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and is associated with debilitating symptoms of pelvic pain and frequent urination.

To use the phenotyping data from the MAPP-II Symptom Patterns Study (SPS) to compare the systemic features between urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) with Hunner lesion (HL) versus those without HL.

We review radiation therapy (RT) options available for prostate cancer, including external beam (EBRT; with conventional fractionation, hypofractionation, stereotactic body RT [SBRT]) and brachytherapy (BT), with an emphasis on the outcomes, toxicities, and contraindications for therapies.

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, spread around the globe with dramatic and lethal effects. From the initial Chinese epicenter, the European diaspora taxed the resources of several countries and especially those of Italy, which was forced into a complete social and economic shutdown.

Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture recapitulating patient-specific histopathological and molecular diversity offers great promise for precision medicine in cancer. In this study, we established label-free imaging procedures, including Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), for in situ cellular analysis and metabolic monitoring of drug treatment efficacy.

For more precise, personalized care in prostate cancer (PC), a new classification based on molecular features relevant for prognostication and treatment stratification is needed. Genomic aberrations in the DNA damage repair pathway are common in PC, particularly in late-stage disease, and may be relevant for treatment stratification.

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, presents the highest recurrence rate among solid tumors and is the second leading cause of death in genitourinary cancers. Despite recent advances in understanding of pathophysiology of the disease, the management of bladder cancer patients remains a clinically challenging problem.

This comprehensive review critically examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers.

Systemic treatments for penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) are toxic and inefficient. Patient-based preclinical models are essential to study novel treatments.

To establish a library of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models of human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV-) pSCC and characterize these at the genomic and histological levels.

Pazopanib is an angiogenesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Post hoc analysis of a clinical trial demonstrated a relationship between pazopanib trough concentrations (Cmin) and treatment efficacy.

Targeted pharmacological correction is used extensively in medical practice today. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is known as a substance with various anticancer properties. An interim study of the efficacy of a new drug Infemin on the basis of diindolylmethane (DIM) with improved bioavalability has been conducted.

Over the past 20 years, classifications of kidney cancer have undergone major revisions based on morphological refinements and molecular characterizations. The 2016 WHO classification of renal tumors recognizes more than ten different renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes.

High-quality oncology consultation includes patient-oriented communication tailored to patients' individualized needs. Common methods used in studies to increase question-asking are prompt lists and coaching pre-consultations.

In the last three decades, endoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most adrenal diseases. Gagner et al., first reported in 1992, the lateral trans-abdominal laparoscopic approach to adrenalectomy.

Bladder cancer (BC) stands as one of the most prevalent urological malignancies, with over 500 thousand newly diagnosed cases annually. Treatment decisions in BC depend on factors like the risk of recurrence, the type of tumor, and the stage of the disease.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent adult kidney cancer. Prognostic markers are needed to guide patient management toward aggressive versus more conservative approaches, especially for small tumors ≤4 cm.

Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the recommended treatment, with the highest level of evidence, for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, only a minority of patients receive this treatment, mainly due to patient comorbidities, the relatively small survival benefit, and the lack of predictive biomarkers to select those patients most likely to benefit from this multimodal approach.

Despite three randomized trials indicating a significant reduction in biochemical recurrence (BCR) in high-risk patients, adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) was rarely performed, even in patients harboring high-risk features.

The Oncotyrol - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine is an international and interdisciplinary alliance combining research and commercial competencies to accelerate the development, evaluation and translation of personalized healthcare strategies in cancer.

To develop a model and methodology for predicting the risk of Gleason upgrading in prostate cancer active surveillance (AS) patients, and using the predicted risks to create risk-based personalized biopsy schedules as an alternative to one-size-fits-all schedules (e.

It is imperative that the thrust of clinical practice in the ensuing years would be to develop personalized management model for various disorders. PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) based molecular functional imaging has been increasingly utilized for assessment of tumor and other nonmalignant disorders and has the ability to explore disease phenotype on an individual basis and address critical clinical decision making questions related to practice of personalized medicine.

The clinical management of bladder cancer has seen little change over the last three decades and there is pressing need to identify more effective treatments for advanced disease. Low clinical use of neoadjuvant therapies stems from historical limitations in the ability to predict patients most likely to respond to combination chemotherapies.

Novel therapies for castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been introduced in the clinic with possibilities for individualized treatment plans. Best practice of those expensive drugs requires predictive biomarker monitoring.

Prostate Cancer is now the second biggest cause of cancer mortality in the UK. Media coverage has been rising, with some attributing to a rise in the cases diagnosed and treated in the NHS down to the "Fry and Turnbull effect".

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent promising preclinical models of various tumor types. In the context of prostate cancer (PCa) however, their establishment has been hampered by poor success-rates, which impedes their broad use for translational research applications.

Despite the emergence of genomics-based risk prediction tools in oncology, there is not yet an established framework for communication of test results to cancer patients to support shared decision-making.

Genomic studies of localized and metastatic prostate cancer have identified a high prevalence of clinically actionable alterations including mutations in DNA repair genes. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge on DNA repair defects in prostate cancer and provide an overview of how these alterations can be targeted towards a personalized prostate cancer management.

Empowered by the recent advances in next generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, an unprecedented wave of integrated transcriptomic and genomic studies have impacted the field of bladder cancer.

Despite more than 30 years of research on p53 resulting in >50,000 publications, we are now beginning to figure out the complexity of the p53 pathway, gene ontology and conformational structure of the molecule.

Extensive DNA sequencing has led to an unprecedented view of the diversity of individual genomes and their evolution among patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

To understand subclonal architecture and dynamics of patient-derived two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ccRCC models in vitro, in order to determine whether they mirror ccRCC inter- and intratumor heterogeneity.

Intravesical therapy (IVT) is the standard of care to decrease risk of recurrence and progression for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, post-IVT recurrence remains common and the ability to risk-stratify patients before or after IVT is limited.

To study the impact of genomic testing in shared decision making for men with clinically low risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients with clinically low-risk PCa were enrolled in a prospective, multi-institutional study of a validated 17-gene tissue-based RT-PCR assay (Genomic Prostate Score™; GPS).

Prostate cancer encompasses a complex heterogeneous disease spectrum. Physicians and patients are faced with the ambiguity of who should be screened, biopsied, rebiopsied, treated, or provided with adjuvant therapy.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is, in fact, the most expensive cancer on a per-patient to treat basis. There is a critical need to implement new tests into clinical practice to improve the quality of clinical care, decrease unnecessary invasive therapies and ultimately save costs.