To compare two different treatment strategies, one-stage and two-stage multi-tract mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mt-mPCNL), for pediatric complex renal calculus disease.
Between the period of July 2016 and July 2018, a total of 36 children aged 15 years and younger, with complex renal calculi disease, who underwent total ultrasound-guided mt-mPCNL by a single experienced urologist were enrolled in our study.