Pembrolizumab Articles

Data regarding the role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to stage lymph nodes in patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy before radical cystectomy are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of PET/CT to predict the pathologic lymph node involvement (LNI) in patients with MIBC receiving neoadjuvant pembrolizumab within the PURE-01 trial (NCT02736266).

In November 2016, the results of a phase III clinical trial with the protein cell death (PD)-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma were published and showed an overall survival benefit in comparison with conventional chemotherapy with vinflunine, docetaxel, or paclitaxel.

The first-line therapy of metastatic bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma, UC) depends on whether a patient is cisplatin-fit or not. Cisplatin-fit patients should be treated with the standard chemotherapy protocol GC (gemcitabine/cisplatin) or alternatively MVAC (methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin).

Prostate cancer (PCA) seems to be more of an immunologic desert than other tumor entities. It is striking that only rarely does prostate cancer show abundant immune cells and a proimmunogenic microenvironment.

To determine which of the approved immune checkpoint inhibitors is the optimal treatment in metastatic urothelial bladder cancer.

Only the pivotal Phase III trials of second-line metastatic urothelial bladder cancer were included in this network meta-analysis.

Current first-line standard of therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma is platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab in phase III has demonstrated a promising overall response rate of 21.

Renal cell carcinoma is a common malignancy of the genitourinary system and is the eight most common cancer type in the United States. The overall incidence of renal cell carcinoma appears to be increasing but death rates have been declining.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary system and the sixth most common cancer in the United States. The overall incidence of UC appears to be on the decline, but death rates have remained stable.

The incidence of kidney cancer is increasing; it could be counteracted with new ways to predict and detect it. We aimed to implement an artificial neural network in order to predict new cases of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) in the population using population rate, obesity, smoking incidence, uncontrolled hypertension, and life expectancy data in the United States.

Axitinib plus pembrolizumab showed superior overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) versus sunitinib in a randomised phase III trial in patients with advanced renal-cell carcinoma (RCC).

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare malignancy, and those patients with metastatic disease have limited treatment options. Treatment is largely comprised of platinum-based chemotherapy; however, patients progressing after initial chemotherapy have a median overall survival (OS) of less than 6 months.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most commonly used medications in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Recently, large clinical trials have shown favorable outcomes in patients treated with combined immune checkpoint plus VEGFR inhibition compared with VEGFR inhibition alone.

Immunotherapy-based combinations have become standard of care in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the potential for complete radiographic response, complete pathologic responses have been rarely reported.

Treatment options as second-line therapy for advanced ureteral carcinoma are limited, and patients experiencing recurrence after first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Recently, the programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab provided a better survival benefit with a complete response rate (9.

Patients with BCG-unresponsive carcinoma in situ (CIS) are treated with radical cystectomy (RCx) or salvage intravesical chemotherapy (SIC). Recently, pembrolizumab was approved for BCG-unresponsive CIS.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common subtype of bladder cancer. The randomized phase 3 KEYNOTE-045 trial showed that pembrolizumab, used as second-line therapy significantly prolonged overall survival with fewer treatment-related adverse events than chemotherapy for advanced UC.

Pembrolizumab has been approved in the United States (US) for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, who are ineligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and with tumors expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (Combined Positive Score ≥ 10), or ineligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status.

Objective: Pembrolizumab/axitinib significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and increased objective response rate versus sunitinib in the phase III trial KEYNOTE-426 among previously untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors are associated with a specific spectrum of immune-related adverse events. This spectrum is different from toxicities known for kinase inhibitors or cytotoxic drugs. Since PD-1 directed therapies show effectivity in an increasing number of malignant diseases, their clinical usage will increase rapidly.

Initial studies of preoperative checkpoint inhibition before radical cystectomy (RC) have shown promising pathologic complete responses. We aimed to analyze the survival outcomes of patients enrolled in PURE-01 study (NCT02736266).

We present data from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) receiving pembrolizumab in the KEYNOTE-158 (NCT02628067; phase 2) and KEYNOTE-028 (NCT02054806; phase 1b) studies. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years from both studies had histologically/cytologically confirmed incurable BTC that progressed after standard treatment regimen(s), measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.

An 83-year-old man received pembrolizumab treatment after anticancer chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced bladder cancer. Pathological findings revealed invasive urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation before treatment.

Advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) has long been treated preferably with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but many patients are cisplatin-ineligible whereas for those who progress on a platinum-based regimen treatment options are limited.

Synergistic effects of immunotherapy with pembrolizumab or drugs targeting DNA damage e.g. olaparib could be used to overcome the limitations of radioligand therapy (RLT) with Lu-177 prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in metastasized castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients.

No head-to-head clinical trials compare contemporary first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). A network meta-analysis provides an approach for quantitative analysis.

To indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for mRCC in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and by clinical risk group.

A number of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have recently been approved for use in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) on the basis of results from several clinical trials.

To review the evidence from these trials and consider what it means for the use of these drugs in first-line and post-platinum settings in real-life clinical practice.

Germline genetic testing increasingly identifies advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients who are candidates for precision therapies. The Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC) established the Germline Genetics Working Group to provide guidance and resources to expand effective use of germline genetic testing.

Establishment of an in vivo small animal model of human tumor and human immune system interaction would enable preclinical investigations into the mechanisms underlying cancer immunotherapy. To this end, non-obese diabetic (NOD).

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that is designed against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Pembrolizumab and other immunocheckpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies work by modulating a patient's own immune system to increase anti-tumor activity.

A number of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved as first-line therapy in case of cisplatin-ineligible patients or as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) of the bladder.

Treatment of cancer patients involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Traditionally, patients with metastatic disease are treated with combination chemotherapies or targeted agents.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) were recently approved in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and could be a promising option for metastatic RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation (sRCC) which otherwise carry a poor prognosis.

Immunotherapy is rapidly transforming cancer care across a range of tumor types. Although Sipuleucel-T represented the first successful vaccine for the treatment of established cancer, other immunotherapeutic approaches for prostate cancer such as checkpoint inhibitors have been relatively disappointing to date.

The PURE-01 study (NCT02736266) evaluated the use of pembrolizumab before radical cystectomy (RC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

To evaluate the ability of molecular signatures to predict the pathological complete response (CR: ypT0N0) and progression-free survival (PFS) after pembrolizumab and RC.

Recent meta-analyses on checkpoint inhibitors in cancer report conflicting data regarding the association of patient gender with inhibitor efficacy. In advanced kidney cancer, checkpoint inhibitors have shown improved outcomes in first- and second-line settings compared with standard of care, but the role of patient gender on treatment outcome is unclear.

Data regarding the incidence and prognostic impact of immune-related imaging changes, assessed by 18[F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, in patients receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are lacking.

Our previous studies revealed tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) played dichotomous roles in different cancers, indicating diverse TINs subtypes might orchestrate anti-tumor immunity or immune evasion, respectively.

Background: Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most common form of bladder cancer, with high rates of disease recurrence and progression. Current treatment for high-risk NMIBC involves Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, but treatment options are limited for patients with recurrent or BCG-unresponsive disease.

Lenvatinib plus everolimus is approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after one prior vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab demonstrated promising antitumor activity in a Phase I/II trial of RCC.

Brain metastasis is a common complication of advanced malignancies, especially, lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Traditionally surgery, when indicated, and radiation therapy, either as whole-brain radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery, constituted the major treatment options for brain metastases.

Immune checkpoint inhibition with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab and the anti-PD-1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab has improved survival in metastatic melanoma, lung cancer and renal cancer.

The activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) is promising for many patients. However, a subset of patients do not benefit from treatment, thus leading to an effort to better identify predictive molecular biomarkers of response.

In the PURE-01 study, pembrolizumab was given preoperatively before radical cystectomy in clinical T2-4aN0M0 patients. An accurate clinical response assessment may be useful for developing new perioperative strategies in these patients.

The advent of immunotherapy has heralded a number of significant advances in the treatment of particular malignancies associated with poor prognosis (melanoma, non-small-cell lung, renal and head/neck cancers).

Oncologic immunotherapies use a patient's immune response to eliminate tumor cells by modulation of immune checkpoints, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) proteins.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that hides classes of patients who behave significantly differently under a favorable overall prognosis facade. Individual risk stratification and good decision making improve the patient outcomes.

Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol Meyer Squibb, New York, NY) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ) are the first two US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1).