Osteoclast Articles

Bone is an endocrine tissue expressing androgen and estrogen receptors as well as steroid metabolizing enzymes.

Advanced prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone and induces a mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic bone response. Standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) that also affects bone biology.

Metastatic bone disease is generally incurable and leads to pathological fractures, pain, hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression and decreased mobility. The skeleton is the major site of bone metastases from solid cancers, including breast and prostate carcinoma.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor TAS-115 that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor MET signaling exhibits antitumor properties in xenografts of human gastric carcinoma.