Nephrolithiasis Articles

Nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis (i.e., kidney stone disease) remains a global public health problem with increasing incidence/prevalence. The most common chemical composition of kidney stones is calcium oxalate that initiates stone formation by crystallization, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion, and crystal invasion through extracellular matrix in renal interstitium.

We sought quantify racial disparities in use of analgesia amongst patients seen in Emergency Departments for renal colic.

We identified all individuals presenting to the Emergency Department with urolithiasis from 2003 to 2015 in the nationally representative Premier Hospital Database.

Nephrolithiasis is a common cause of abdominal pain and will affect approximately 1 in 10 people in their lifetime. In the past two decades, there have been several technological advances that have changed the imaging approach to stone diagnosis and follow-up.

Introduction: The surgical management of nephrolithiasis can be challenging due to multiple appropriate and feasible approaches. One advantage of urologists' increasing social media use is the opportunity for crowdsourcing or aggregating feedback from remote participants.

The Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale (PULS) is a validated, standardised scale that classifies iatrogenic ureteral lesions during ureteroscopy (URS).

To determine risk factors for the various PULS-grades caused by URS.

To study brushite stone formers (BSF) change in renal function and overall risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time.

A retrospective review of all patients with urolithiasis on stone analysis was performed from 1995-2003.

Kidney stones have been associated with increased risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, it is unclear whether there is also an increased risk for mortality and if these risks are uniform across clinically distinct categories of stone formers.

Recent advances in RNA interference (RNAi) delivery and chemistry have resulted in the development of more than 20 RNAi-based therapeutics, several of which are now in Phase III trials. The most advanced clinical trials have utilized modifications such as lipid nanoparticles and conjugation to N-acetyl galactosamine to treat liver specific diseases.

To provide a comprehensive review of robot-assisted surgery in urolithiasis and to consider the future prospects of robotic approaches in stone surgery.

We performed a systematic PubMed© literature search using predefined Medical Subject Headings search terms to identify PubMed-listed clinical research studies on robotic stone surgery.

Previous studies assumed a uniform relationship between heat and kidney stone presentations. Determining whether sex and other characteristics modify the temperature dependence of kidney stone presentations has implications for explaining differences in nephrolithiasis prevalence and improving projections of the effect of climate change on nephrolithiasis.

Kidney stones are a common condition with high direct and indirect costs; to date, the optimal urological approach for some particular presentations including non-lower pole kidney stones between 10 and 20 mm of diameter is not clear.

To compare outcomes of patients undergoing SSBU to those undergoing planned staged URS for bilateral nephrolithiasis. While single session bilateral ureteroscopy (URS) (SSBU) has the advantage of one anesthetic procedure, some may pursue a staged approach due to the potential higher risk of complications and patient discomfort with two ureteral stents.

To describe the technique and outcomes of supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the Galdako-modified Valdivia position.

Prospective data were collected from 303 patients undergoing PCNL in the Galdako-modified Valdivia position at our institution between 2007 and 2015.

The rising prevalence of kidney stone disease is associated with significant costs to healthcare systems worldwide. This is in part due to direct procedural and medical management costs, as well as indirect costs to health systems, patients, and families.

The goal of this chapter is to review the recent epidemiologic trends of kidney stone disease and discuss the impact of the increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis among children on adults with respect to extra-renal manifestations, surgical management, and secondary prevention.

Kidney stone is a common urological condition, the prevalence and incidence of which has escalated in the last few years due to dietary habits and other related medical conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus.

Historically, the role of bacteria in urinary stone disease (USD) has been limited to urease-producing bacteria associated with struvite stone formation. However, growing evidence has revealed bacteria associated with stones of non-struvite composition.

To evaluate metabolic abnormalities in a contemporary pediatric population after their first stone episode. The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is increasing and therefore the etiologies contributing to today's pediatric stone formation may also be changing.

Kidney stones are one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. With increasing awareness, a larger proportion of patients are seeking medical knowledge from the Internet. In present study, the features, reliability and efficacy of videos on YouTube related to the treatment of kidney stones were evaluated.

Urolithiasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, which is defined as the presence of urinary stones at any place in the urinary tract, resulting from the precipitation reaction of chemical compounds.

Nephrolithiasis is a complex disease of worldwide prevalence that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. About 75% of kidney stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate and urinary oxalate is considered a crucial risk factor.

To determine if treatment of non-obstructing urolithiasis is effective in management of recurrent UTI.

A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing elective management of non-struvite upper tract urinary calculi with recurrent UTI from 2009 to 2016.

To better characterize metabolic stone risk in patients with neurologically derived musculoskeletal deficiencies (NDMD) by determining how patient characteristics relate to renal calculus composition and 24-hour urine parameters.

This concise review summarizes our current understanding and the recent developments in genetics and related renal tubular disorders that have been linked with, or have been shown to be causal in, renal stone disease.

The comparative effectiveness of ureteral stents placed during ureteroscopy for urinary stone disease is widely debated. We sought to evaluate unplanned medical visits within the early post-operative period after ureteroscopy in patients with and without ureteral stent placement.

Kidney stone disease is an increasingly prevalent condition with remarkable clinical heterogeneity, with regards to stone composition, age of manifestation, rate of recurrence, and impairment of kidney function.

The aim of this study is to compare the maximum stone diameter of ureteral stones in the coronal plane to the axial and determine the clinical significance of the coronal diameter.

A retrospective chart review was performed on patients seen in clinic between September 2013 and November 2015.

Randall's plaque (RP, subepithelial calcification) appears to be an important precursor of kidney stone disease. However, RP cannot be noninvasively detected. The present study investigated candidate biomarkers associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the urine of calcium stone formers (CSFs) with low (< 5% papillary surface area) and high (≥ 5% papillary surface area) percentage of RP and a group of non-stone formers.

Evidence has indicated that immediate family members of nephrolithiasis patients had high opportunity to develop stones. However, they are usually not regarded to be at risk, since it is unclear if there are any lithogenic abnormalities found in non-stone-forming nephrolithiasis relatives.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects sacroiliac and axial joints as well as extraarticular organs, such as the eye, lung, bowel, and heart. Although examples of renal involvement in AS, such as IgA nephropathy, amyloidosis, and glomerulonephritis, have been reported, it has not been emphasized that urolithiasis is frequently formed in the clinical course of AS.

Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition with high morbidity, and the incidence and prevalence of nephrolithiasis have been increasing worldwide. Although dozens of monogenic reason of nephrolithiasis have been identified, the fraction of the disease caused by single genes has not been determined.

To determine the clinical utility of blood tests as a screening tool for metabolic abnormalities in patients with kidney stone disease.

Clinical and biochemical data from 709 patients attending the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for assessment and treatment of kidney stones was prospectively collected between April 2011 and February 2017.

With the emphasis on quality standards when determining reimbursements rates, patient reported outcomes are now of particular interest to clinicians. This review addresses health-related quality of life (HRQOL) detriments that have been studied in patients with stone disease.

This review explores the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and lithogenesis. A causal relationship has been assumed despite myriad studies demonstrating that therapeutic doses of vitamin D do not increase lithogenic risk.

Vitamin D deficiency is often detected during metabolic evaluation in the nephrolithiasis population. Multiple vitamin D repletion protocols exist, however their differing impact on urinary stone formation risk factors is unclear.

Some, but not all, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and kidney stone disease (KSD) are cured of their nephrolithiasis after parathyroidectomy. The goal of this study is to identify risk factors for recurrent KSD despite successful parathyroidectomy in known stone formers with PHPT.

The incidence of nephrolithiasis continues to rise. Previously, we showed that a monogenic cause could be detected in 11.4% of individuals with adult-onset nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis and in 16.