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Recent innovations in oncology area helped to improve the prognosis of certain cancers including metastatic ones with a decrease in mortality. Recommendations describe the treatment of metastatic cancer as systemic therapy or complementary care and the role of locoregional treatment in the treatment plan only occurs in a palliative context.

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant neoplasm in men worldwide and the fifth cause of cancer-related death. Although multiple new agents have been approved for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer over the last decade, it is still an incurable disease.

Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA) is an epithelial malignancy with pure glandular differentiation, without evidence of typical urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma. PBA is rare, accounting for 0.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy is thought to improve survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). As many patients are ineligible for major surgery, we hypothesized that SABR could be a safe alternative.

The treatment landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has constantly been in flux. In 2005, with the advent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, the standard of care shifted to agents such as sunitinib and pazopanib.

Five new agents have been shown to prolong survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, including two targeting androgen receptor signaling (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone; enzalutamide).

To prospectively determine the prognostic value of the bone scan index (BSI) for time to development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in consecutive, hormone-naïve patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

Two phase 3 trials, COMET-1 and COMET-2, have reported that cabozantinib did not significantly extend overall survival (OS) compared to prednisone and prednisone plus mitoxantrone, respectively, in post-docetaxel patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Careful descriptions of men with prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality are scant in nontrial settings. The present retrospective review describes the clinical characteristics, timelines, and treatment histories from initial presentation to death in a cohort of men with metastatic, castrate-resistant PCa (mCRPC).

To the authors' knowledge, outcomes and prognostic tools have yet to be clearly defined in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who are treated with immuno-oncology (IO) checkpoint inhibitors (programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] inhibitors).

AIMS - There have been three randomised trials investigating docetaxel in combination with androgen deprivation therapy as first-line therapy for hormone-sensitive metastatic and locally advanced/high-risk prostate cancer.

Because cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis facilitates the noninvasive genomic profiling of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), the authors evaluated the association between cfDNA alterations and outcomes and evolution with therapy.

Current therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of the serial administration of single agents. Combinations of VEGF and mTOR inhibitors have been disappointing in previous randomized trials.

Recently, a plethora of life-prolonging cytotoxic, next-generation hormonal, immunotherapeutical as well as radionuclide therapies has emerged as a standard care for metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer.

To compare toxicity and response of docetaxel chemotherapy between metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients of the same therapeutic era for assessing of upfront docetaxel against the benchmark of docetaxel in the castrate resistant stage in the setting outside of clinical trials.

Metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma (mPSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. We compared the potential therapy impacting genomic alterations (GA) between mPSCC and non-penile cutaneous metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (mCSCC).

In the current study, the authors present a comprehensive genomic profile (CGP)-based study of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) designed to detect clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs).

DNA was extracted from 40 µm of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 295 consecutive cases of recurrent/metastatic UC.

To evaluate the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), against a background of lack of evidence following the introduction of targeted therapy.

A literature review was performed in January 2017 using the MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases.

Careful selection is critical to identify metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients who are most likely to benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN). Surgery for mRCC patients with tumor thrombus is complex and may not benefit some patients with very poor overall survival (OS).

To estimate the healthcare costs and characteristics of docetaxel chemotherapy episodes of care for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

We used Medicare 5% sample and MarketScan® Commercial (2010 - 2013) claims data sets to identify men with mCRPC and initial episodes of docetaxel treatment.

To investigate perioperative and oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa).

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 79 oligometastatic PCa patients treated with RARP or ADT between 2005 and 2015 at our institution.

Median age for the diagnosis of metastatic bladder cancer (MBC) is 73 years. The feasibility of chemotherapy in older patients is controversial. Our objectives were to assess associations linking age to first line chemotherapy regimen selection, early chemotherapy discontinuation, and 1-year mortality in everyday practice.

To present a summary of the 2016 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) - European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) - International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) Guidelines on the treatment of relapsing, metastatic, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Targeted therapies have transformed the treatment of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). Despite the importance of mccRCC, studies on its economic burden in daily practice are sparse.

The effect of local treatment on survival in advanced-stage patients has gained interest in several malignancies; however, limited data exist regarding urothelial carcinoma (UC).

To test the impact of surgery of the primary tumor site on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) in patients affected by metastatic UC.

We assessed the efficacy and safety of sunitinib as the first-line treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. The predictors of survival and efficacy in mRCC as identified from previous studies, including the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) factors, were also evaluated.

Platinum-based systemic chemotherapy is considered the backbone for management of advanced urothelial carcinomas. However there is a lack of real world data on the use of such chemotherapy regimens, on patient profiles and on management after treatment failure.

Background: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma is chemoresistant and radioresistant disease with poor survival historically, but outcome has improved in past decade after introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors like sunitinib and sorafenib.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between the polymorphisms in AXIN1 with susceptibility to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

 A total of 284 ccRCC patients and 439 healthy volunteers were enrolled.

Patients with germline BRCA2 gene mutations (BRCA2mut) have more aggressive prostate cancer. Analysis of all reported germline BRCA2mut prostate cancer cases allows better understanding of the clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes of these men.

Reported recommendations against prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening may have negatively affected the rates of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa).

To investigate the annual rate of newly diagnosed mPCa and changes in disease characteristic at presentation over time in a large North American patient cohort.

Axitinib is a potent, selective, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy as second-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Analyses of axitinib drug exposures have demonstrated high interpatient variability in patients receiving the 5 mg twice-daily (b.

Progression of bone metastasis in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is assessed using bone scan (BS) and correlates modestly with overall survival (OS). Because of the poor reliability of BS and routinely performed computed tomography (CT) scans, we assessed bone progression by integrating BS and CT.

The oncologic benefit of lymph node dissection (LND) for patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is uncertain. We evaluated the association of LND with oncologic outcomes among patients undergoing CN.

Combination systemic therapy is now standard of care for all men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Patients with mHSPC should be treated with standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and abiraterone acetate with prednisone or docetaxel (chemohormoanl therapy) unless there are contraindications to combination therapy.

The impact of localized prostate cancer in the elderly depends on disease aggressiveness and life expectancy. In men with localized prostate cancer, those with low-risk disease or a shorter life expectancy should be managed expectantly, whereas those with long life expectancy or more aggressive disease may benefit from curative treatment.

Treatment of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial despite several recent prospective studies of targeted therapies (TT). Often Vascular Endothelial growth Factor (VEGF) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are used, extrapolating the data from use of these agents in clear cell RCC.

Metastasectomy is routinely performed in selected patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) as an alternative to systemic therapy. In the absence of randomized trials, the benefit and best way of patient selection remain unclear.

Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer in men, with 137.9 new cases per 100,000 men per year. The overall 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer is very high. Up to 20% of men who undergo state-of-the art treatment for prostate cancer will develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within 5 years, with median survival for those with metastatic CRPC ranging from approximately 15 to 36 months in recent studies.

A considerable number of individuals with prostate cancer (PCa) still harbor locally-advanced and metastatic disease. Although such men were initially not considered eligible for local treatment, the role of radical prostatectomy (RP) has been recently reassessed.

To the authors' knowledge, the survival benefit of local therapy in the setting of advanced prostate cancer remains unknown. The authors investigated whether prostate-directed treatment with either surgery or radiotherapy versus conservative treatment in the setting of locally advanced or metastatic disease was associated with improved survival within a cohort of men from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care Study (CDC POC-BP).

Androgen deprivation therapy is the standard of care for patients with advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Despite an initial response, most patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

The purpose of this investigator-initiated multicenter phase II study was to determine the activity of the third-generation synthetic anthracycline, amrubicin, administered as second-line therapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and represents a target for imaging and therapy. We undertook a prospective trial of 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy in men with high PSMA expression who progressed after standard therapies.

Background Docetaxel and prednisolone chemotherapy (DP) extends survival in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, emergent clinical resistance is almost inevitable. AKT pathway activation is highly prevalent in mCRPC contributing to disease progression and DP resistance.

With recent advances in immunooncology and the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors into clinical practice for many cancers, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has changed dramatically and will continue to change further.

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) is expressed in primary prostate adenocarcinoma and in associated skeletal metastases. Olaratumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds PDGFRα and blocks downstream signalling.

The cellular basis of metastasis is poorly understood. An important step to understanding this process is to be able to visualize the routes by which cancer cells migrate from the primary tumor to various distant sites to eventually form metastasis.

To investigate the uptake, safety and efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy in hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) in the first year of use outside of a clinical trial.

Patients in the West of Scotland Cancer Network (WoSCAN) with newly diagnosed mPC were identified from the regional multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings and their treatment details were collected from electronic patient records.

Although rare, secondary tumors of the bladder can present a diagnostic dilemma to pathologists considering a differential diagnosis of primary bladder cancer. We investigated the clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of metastatic tumors to the bladder.