Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Articles

To assess the prognostic value of clinical and biological features in patients treated with second-line targeted therapies (TT) for a metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

A retrospective study was performed including 60patients treated with second-line TT from 2006 to 2013.

In a phase III clinical trial, CheckMate 025, treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with nivolumab demonstrated superior efficacy over everolimus. However, as the clinical trial excluded patients with specific complications and poor performance status (PS), the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in clinical practice, in which patients with various clinical complications are treated, is unclear.

The introduction of targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma has significantly improved its prognosis and treatment outcomes in recent years. Such treatment options are targeted therapies of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway.

In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the oncologic benefit of second-line treatment for high volume tumors or presence of more than five risk factors remain to be defined. Our aim was to develop and externally validate a new model most likely to correctly predict overall survival (OS) categories in second line.

This article describes and compares approved targeted therapies and the newer immunotherapy agents.

This article especially performs an in-depth review of currently available data for tivozanib, explaining its mechanism of action, its safety profile and its role as an efficacy drug in the management of renal cancer.

Contradictory data exist with regard to adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy in surgically managed patients for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

To systematically evaluate the current evidence regarding the therapeutic benefit (disease-free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]) and grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) for adjuvant VEGFR-targeted therapy for resected localized RCC.

The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk models were developed predominantly with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Treatment options for advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma have advanced considerably in the past decade with the approval of several targeted agents, including axitinib. Axitinib is a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFRs 1-3, and is well established as second-line treatment.

The side effects of sunitinib, namely onset of hypertension and hypothyroidism, have been reported to be predictive biomarkers of treatment efficacy. However, the relationship between hypothyroidism and prolongation of survival in treatment with axitinib, a drug similar to sunitinib, has not yet been reported.

Metabolic toxicities of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) are well characterized. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between these metabolic toxicities and mTORi efficacy.

From 2007 to 2011, metabolic toxicities were retrospectively collected in patients treated with an mTORi (everolimus, temsirolimus) for a metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in a single institution.

Since the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the attention of oncologists has been unavoidably shifted from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to immune checkpoint blockade, with the associated risk of listing cabozantinib as just one of many available TKIs.

Before the era of targeted therapies, cytokines were the main therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Our aim was to analyze the changes in treatments and overall survival (OS) of all mRCC patients in Estonia in relation to the introduction of new medications.

Outcomes of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) patients are poorly characterized in the era of targeted therapy. A total of 5474 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) were retrospectively analyzed.

The aim of this study was to determine whether CD8+ T lymphocyte and its checkpoint-associated module programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/main ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1) pathway impact overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib rechallenge in the third-line or later setting in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

This observational study comprised 61 mRCC patients at 19 centres in France who received sunitinib rechallenge between January 2006 and May 2013.

OBJECTIVES - Second targeted therapies for mRCC include mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This observational study compares overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients treated with everolimus (an mTORi) and axitinib (a TKI) following first TKI, and assesses the impact of type and duration of first TKI on the relative effectiveness of these second targeted therapies.

It is impossible to conduct head-to-head trials of all the therapies to determine optimal treatment in the rapidly advancing era of therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In this network meta-analysis,we aimed to compare efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for mRCC.

We aimed to compare oncological outcomes and safety of axitinib and sunitinib in patients with treatment-naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We retrospectively evaluated 169 patients with mRCC who were treated with axitinib or sunitinib as the first-line therapy in five hospitals between October 2008 and August 2018.

Sorafenib and sunitinib are widely used as first-line targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in China. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) in Chinese mRCC patients treated with sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line therapy.

Historical data showed worse perioperative outcomes after cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in older patients. Additionally, the CARMENA trial questioned the survival benefit of cytoreductive CN. We reassessed complication, failure to rescue (FTR) and mortality rates after CN in a contemporary cohort of older patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Tumor tissue and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing are frequently performed to detect genomic alterations (GAs) to help guide treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), especially after progression on standard systemic therapy.

There is evidence that cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) may be beneficial in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This has been studied predominantly in clear-cell RCC, with more limited data on the role of CN in patients with papillary histology.

The two recent prospective randomized trials CARMENA and SURTIME have changed the therapy paradigm of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The CARMENA trial was conducted to investigate whether cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is required in the targeted therapy area, whereas SURTIME studied whether deferred CN in combination with sunitinib can be used to identify patients with inherent targeted therapy resistance.

About one-third of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have detectable metastases at diagnosis. Among them, bone is the second most frequent metastatic site. Treatment of metastatic RCC mostly relies on anti-angiogenic (AA) therapies and, more recently, immunotherapy.

For patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC), treatment choice is mainly based on clinical parameters. With many treatments available and the limited response to treatment and associated toxicities, there is much interest in identifying better biomarkers for personalized treatment.

The Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Registry, a large, nationally representative, prospective registry of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), aims to understand real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with mRCC in routine clinical practice across the United States.

To explore whether the sarcopenia body type can help predict response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Institutional review board approval was obtained for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective cohort study of 75 subjects with metastatic RCC who underwent pretreatment contrast-enhanced computed tomography within 1 year of initiating IL-2 therapy.

To evaluate the potential role of dual energy CT (DECT) to visualize antiangiogenic treatment effects in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) while treated with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI).

Pretreatment C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We further evaluated the early response of CRP after the initiation of TKIs.

To test the effect of African-American race on cancer specific mortality (CSM) in clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (ccmRCC) and non-ccmRCC.

Within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry (2001-2014), we identified patients with ccmRCC and non-ccmRCC.

To summarize and clarify the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) polymorphisms and the outcome in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib.

We conducted this largest, single-center, retrospective study to determine the efficacy of sorafenib versus sunitinib as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in Chinese patients to validate the potential data on direct comparison of the efficacy of first-line treatment with sorafenib and sunitinib in the treatment of mRCC.

Tivozanib is a selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3 tyrosine kinases. This open-label, crossover clinical study (AV-951-09-902) provided access to tivozanib for patients who progressed on sorafenib in TIVO-1, comparing tivozanib with sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

We tried to investigate the prognostic significance of post-treatment eosinophil percentage(Eo %) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) patients undertaking sorafenib.

The median OS for the entire sorafenib treatment period was 21.

Everolimus (E) and axitinib (A) have been standard treatments for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma after failure of first-line therapy (1L) with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) is phosphorylated and activated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, which serves as a regulator of cell growth, cell survival, metastasis and angiogenesis in many types of cancer.

No head-to-head clinical trials compare contemporary first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). A network meta-analysis provides an approach for quantitative analysis.

To indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for mRCC in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and by clinical risk group.

Based on improvements of progression-free survival (PFS), new agents for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been approved. It is assumed that one of the benefits is a delay in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) deterioration as a result of a delay in progression of disease.

The present case report describes a case of left renal clear cell carcinoma with brain, lung, para-aortic, and lymph node metastases (cT1bN1M1) in a 52-year-old Japanese male. The patient received sequential anticancer treatments with pazopanib, everolimus, and axitinib, but exhibited treatment-resistant tumor growth.

The present study investigated the outcomes of targeted therapy for elderly patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). A total of 277 patients with mRCC who were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor as a first-line therapy from January 2008 to May 2018 were retrospectively investigated by reviewing clinicopathological data.

Despite immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approval for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in 2015, cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is guided by extrapolation from earlier classes of therapy. We evaluated survival outcomes, timing, and safety of combining CN with modern immunotherapy (IO) for mRCC.

Accumulating pre-clinical data indicate that the efficient induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells characterizing viral infections is caused by cross-priming where initially infected DCs produce an unique set of inflammatory factors that recruit and activate non-infected bystander DCs.

Axitinib resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) versus sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) previously treated with sunitinib in the AXIS trial.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy has been an integral part of management in metastatic renal cell carcinoma for patients with good performance status, based on the benefit shown by prospective trials in the interferon era and retrospective trials in the targeted therapies era.

Sequential administration of single targeted agents has evolved as the dominant paradigm in advanced RCC treatment. Lenvatinib plus everolimus is the first combination therapy in advanced RCC to show improvement in efficacy compared to monotherapy in advanced RCC while maintaining manageable toxicity profile.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of the kidney accounting for 85% of renal tumors. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) had a poor prognosis and with the introduction of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib, pazopanib the outcomes improved.

Although nivolumab has been regarded as a standard agent for patients with previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a significant proportion of these patients fail to achieve a response to nivolumab.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interferes with activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Theoretically, the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients infected with HCV may differ.

Sunitinib is used for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Asian patients, including Japanese, tend not to tolerate long-term sunitinib therapy of 50 mg p.o. once daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 week off treatment due to severe adverse events at this dosage level.

Immuno-oncology (IO) therapies have changed the treatment standards of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the effectiveness of targeted therapy following discontinuation of IO therapy in real-world settings has not been well studied.