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To determine the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in France and gather data about initial patient trajectories in the healthcare system.

A dedicated questionnaire (41 questions) has been sent to a 12,000 sample of people representative of the global population.

Despite the rise of small renal tumour (SRMs) diagnosis and related surgeries, death rate of kidney cancer is increasing, suggesting a non-optimal management of SRMs. Active Surveillance (AS) for kidney cancer was introduced to face this paradox.

Intermittent incontinence of urine in a sleeping child who has previously been dry for less than 6 months without any other lower urinary tract symptoms is considered to be primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE).

Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common, causing significant bother and impair quality of life. LUTS are a spectrum of symptoms that may or may not be due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common health problems in men. ED can significantly affect a man's psychological well-being and overall health.

To investigate the association of psychological factors, patients' knowledge, and management among ED patients.

Part 1 of this two-part article provides an overview of bladder cancer and discusses its management. Since publication of a previous article entitled 'Understanding the role of smoking in the aetiology of bladder cancer' ( Anderson, 2009 ), the author has received many requests for an update.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by reduced or absent activity of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) enzyme and the resultant defects in adrenal steroidogenesis.

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a very rare variant of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing less than 0.5% of all CAH. The aim was to review the literature.

The knowledge in the field of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is developing rapidly, with emerging new therapies and advances in imaging. Nonetheless, in multiple areas there is still a lack of or very limited evidence, and clear guidance from clinicians regarding optimal strategy is required.

Haemorrhage is a frequent complication of radiation cystitis leading to emergency presentations in patients with prior pelvic radiation therapy. Standard initial patient management strategies involve resuscitation, bladder washout with clot evacuation and continuous bladder irrigation.

Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease and could be secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT is traditionally characterised with hypercalcaemia. Recently, a normocalcemic PHPT has been officially recognised at the International Workshops.

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by chronic overproduction of cortisol and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. It can be caused by a pituitary adenoma, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production or primary adrenal disease. Successful tumor-directed surgery is the keystone treatment. When surgery is unsuccessful, contraindicated or in case of acute disease, pharmacotherapy is indicated to treat hypercortisolism.

The current approach to diabetes in the elderly incorporates components from the comprehensive geriatric approach. The most updated guidelines from the American Diabetes Association reflect influence from the consensus made in 2012 with the American Geriatrics Society.

Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the common denominator for a heterogeneous group of diseases. The subclassification of these tumours is based on histological type and molecular pathogenesis. Insight into molecular pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted systemic therapies.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is encountered in millions of people worldwide, with continuously rising incidence during the past decades, affecting their quality of life despite the increase of life expectancy in these patients.

Patients with one or more low-grade bladder tumors of the urinary bladder will often develop a subsequent tumor but these so called "recurrences" are almost always of similar grade and rarely invade beyond the basement membrane.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is an international problem, affecting a high percentage of geriatric women. Nurses caring for geriatric women of all ages should be aware of the problem of UI and familiarize themselves with the potential treatment options for these patients.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents the vast majority of bladder cancer diagnoses, however this definition represents a spectrum of disease with a variable clinical course notable for significant risk of recurrence and potential for progression.

Skeletal-related events (SREs) including spinal cord compression, pathologic fracture, and radiation or surgery to bone, occur frequently due to bone metastases in advanced cancer. This analysis of a multicentre, observational study was designed to describe cross-regional differences in health resource utilisation (HRU) of SREs in Western Europe and the US.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to estimate the effect of (68)Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET on intended management of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Rectourethral fistula is an uncommon but devastating condition resulting from surgery, radiation, trauma, inflammation, or occasionally anorectal anomaly. Because of involving the urinary and the digestive system, surgical repair can be challenging.

To review the most up-to-date diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis. We conducted a review of the literature based on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

The use of advanced phenotyping, links to lifestyle, and multimodal approaches has helped to enhance the treatment of chronic prostatitis and its negative effects on quality of life.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a condition characterized by an involuntary loss of urine occurring as result of an increase in intra-abdominal pressure due to effort or exertion or on sneezing or coughing.

Although rare, penile cancer carries high morbidity and mortality particularly when pertaining to the management of locally advanced and/or metastatic disease. The current scientific literature lacks level one evidence and current guidelines are based largely on retrospective studies and small single center studies.

To describe the management of grade 4 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) urinary adverse events (UAEs) after radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa). We hypothesized grade 4 UAEs often require complex surgical management and subject patients to significant morbidity.

We report two successful treatment cases of renal artery occlusion (RAO) related to multiple trauma. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with right RAO and liver laceration after a traffic accident. Surgical thrombectomy and revascularization were performed, but lacerated liver not sutured.

Staghorn stones are large branching stones that fill part of all of the renal pelvis and renal calyces and they can be complete or partial depending on the level of occupancy of the collecting system.

BACKGROUND - Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved rapidly. In particular, five new treatments that extend survival in mCRPC have been approved since 2010, including the chemotherapy cabazitaxel (Jevtana®), hormonal agents abiraterone (Zytiga®) and enzalutamide (Xtandi®), vaccine sipuleucel-T (Provenge®), and radiopharmaceutical radium-223 (Xofigo®); all have different indications and toxicity profiles.

Guidelines on the clinical management of non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) generally focus on the need to continue androgen deprivation therapy and enrol patients into clinical trials of investigational agents.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of clinically localized prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy versus radiation therapy within the context of a prospective prostate cancer screening study.

Nephrolithiasis is a rare disease in children. For many years children with kidney stones have been managed like "small adults", but there are significant differences between the pediatric and the adult age in clinical presentation, etiology and treatment.

As the adoption of MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy (FB) expands, the reproducibility of outcomes from expert centers becomes essential. The objective of our study was to validate the comprehensive National Cancer Institute (NCI) experience of multiparametric MRI and FB with an external, independent, matched cohort of patients.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation and medical and surgical management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7th edition.

This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation and medical/surgical management of patients diagnosed with urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system, 7th edition.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common and serious bacterial infections encountered by paediatricians and primary care physicians. Although the diagnosis and management of UTI appear simplistic, they remain among the most contentious issues in paediatrics.

To evaluate the effect of adding low dose trospium chloride with transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in females after failure of behavioral therapy.

The development of multiple vascular endothelial growth factor- and mammalian target of rapamycin-targeted therapies in advanced renal cell carcinoma has resulted in significant clinical benefit. However, the availability of multiple treatment options has led to a more complicated clinical decision-making process.

Over the past few decades, the classification system of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) variants has witnessed tremendous and ongoing refinement driven by genomic profiling and morphological correlation that have provided valuable insights into tumor biology and characterization of this heterogeneous subset of tumors.

The European Association of Urology Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) guidelines panel updated their recommendation on adjuvant therapy in unfavourable, clinically nonmetastatic RCC following the recently reported results of a second randomised controlled phase 3 trial comparing 1-yr sunitinib to placebo for high-risk RCC after nephrectomy (S-TRAC).

Urothelial bladder cancer is a common malignancy requiring a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Significant recent advances have been made in terms of the genetic and molecular characterization of bladder cancer subtypes, and novel treatment approaches are being investigated and approved.

INTRODUCTION - In an effort to limit prostate cancer (PCa) overdiagnosis and overtreatment, which have occurred in response to widespread prostate specific antigen testing, numerous strategies aimed at improved risk stratification of patients with PCa have evolved.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a frequent type of carcinoma with an estimated incidence of approximately 100,000 men and women each year in the European Union (EU) with an associated mortality of 30,000 of these patients.

To summarize information on Neurogenic Bladder (NB) epidemiology, management and access to patient treatment in developing countries and emerging regions of the world in order to propose future interventions and help governmental as well as non-governmental organizations design their action plans.