Management Articles

The aim was to synthesize current knowledge on overactive bladder (OAB) first-line treatments.

A systematic literature review based on PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was conducted in June 2020.

To determine the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome in France and gather data about initial patient trajectories in the healthcare system.

A dedicated questionnaire (41 questions) has been sent to a 12,000 sample of people representative of the global population.

To investigate the impact of 68 Gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen (68 Ga-PSMA) tracers on the management of prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) by systematical review and meta-analysis.

Despite the rise of small renal tumour (SRMs) diagnosis and related surgeries, death rate of kidney cancer is increasing, suggesting a non-optimal management of SRMs. Active Surveillance (AS) for kidney cancer was introduced to face this paradox.

Understanding men's values and preferences in the context of personal, physical, emotional, relational, and social factors is important in optimising patient counselling, facilitating treatment decision-making, and improving guideline recommendations.

Intermittent incontinence of urine in a sleeping child who has previously been dry for less than 6 months without any other lower urinary tract symptoms is considered to be primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE).

Prostate cancer and cardiovascular (CV) disease share several risk factors, with the incidence of both rising with increasing age. Systemic prostate cancer therapies may increase CV risk. For example, gonadotropic releasing hormone agonists have been associated with increased development of CV risk factors, and potentially with CV disease.

Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common, causing significant bother and impair quality of life. LUTS are a spectrum of symptoms that may or may not be due to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common health problems in men. ED can significantly affect a man's psychological well-being and overall health.

To investigate the association of psychological factors, patients' knowledge, and management among ED patients.

Part 1 of this two-part article provides an overview of bladder cancer and discusses its management. Since publication of a previous article entitled 'Understanding the role of smoking in the aetiology of bladder cancer' ( Anderson, 2009 ), the author has received many requests for an update.

To evaluate the impact of Gallium-68 [68Ga] labeled prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional imaging on staging and clinical management of men evaluated for primary prostate cancer (PCa).

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is caused by reduced or absent activity of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) enzyme and the resultant defects in adrenal steroidogenesis.

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a very rare variant of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing less than 0.5% of all CAH. The aim was to review the literature.

We report on our multicentre evaluation of the occurrence and management of complications with the ATOMS device (A.M.I., Austria).

Between 10/09 and 09/18, a total of 187 patients with persistent postoperative stress urinary incontinence received an ATOMS device in Madrid (n = 101) or Halle (n = 86).

The knowledge in the field of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is developing rapidly, with emerging new therapies and advances in imaging. Nonetheless, in multiple areas there is still a lack of or very limited evidence, and clear guidance from clinicians regarding optimal strategy is required.

Haemorrhage is a frequent complication of radiation cystitis leading to emergency presentations in patients with prior pelvic radiation therapy. Standard initial patient management strategies involve resuscitation, bladder washout with clot evacuation and continuous bladder irrigation.

Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease and could be secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT is traditionally characterised with hypercalcaemia. Recently, a normocalcemic PHPT has been officially recognised at the International Workshops.

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is characterized by chronic overproduction of cortisol and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. It can be caused by a pituitary adenoma, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production or primary adrenal disease. Successful tumor-directed surgery is the keystone treatment. When surgery is unsuccessful, contraindicated or in case of acute disease, pharmacotherapy is indicated to treat hypercortisolism.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphology, immunoprofile, and management of renal oncocytoma (RO), hybrid oncocytic tumor (HOT), and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC).

Forty-seven cases of RO, 7 cases of HOT, and 25 cases of ChRCC were included in the study.

Clinical T1 (cT1) bladder cancer is associated with high rates of recurrence, upstaging, and progression. Guidelines recommend that these patients be treated with adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy (BCG) or upfront radical cystectomy (RC).

The current approach to diabetes in the elderly incorporates components from the comprehensive geriatric approach. The most updated guidelines from the American Diabetes Association reflect influence from the consensus made in 2012 with the American Geriatrics Society.

Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the common denominator for a heterogeneous group of diseases. The subclassification of these tumours is based on histological type and molecular pathogenesis. Insight into molecular pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted systemic therapies.

The objective is to review the literature related to lower urinary tract (LUT) conditions in children to conceptualize general practice guidelines for the general practitioner, pediatrician, pediatric urologist, and urologist.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is encountered in millions of people worldwide, with continuously rising incidence during the past decades, affecting their quality of life despite the increase of life expectancy in these patients.

This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC).

To provide practical evidence-based recommendations and consensus statements on the clinical management of MMIBC with a focus on diagnosis and treatment.

Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare cancer accounting for <1% of all genitourinary malignancies.

To provide updated practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of PUC.

The European Association of Urology Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Guideline Panel has prepared evidence-based guidelines and recommendations for the management of RCC.

To provide an updated RCC guideline based on standardised methodology including systematic reviews, which is robust, transparent, reproducible, and reliable.

The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Panel on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) has prepared updated guidelines to aid clinicians in the current evidence-based management of UTUC and to incorporate recommendations into clinical practice.

Available guidelines on the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are restricted due to the lack of strong evidence-based recommendations. Adequate, well-powered randomized trials are missing due to the rarity of the disease.

Patients with one or more low-grade bladder tumors of the urinary bladder will often develop a subsequent tumor but these so called "recurrences" are almost always of similar grade and rarely invade beyond the basement membrane.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is an international problem, affecting a high percentage of geriatric women. Nurses caring for geriatric women of all ages should be aware of the problem of UI and familiarize themselves with the potential treatment options for these patients.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents the vast majority of bladder cancer diagnoses, however this definition represents a spectrum of disease with a variable clinical course notable for significant risk of recurrence and potential for progression.

Skeletal-related events (SREs) including spinal cord compression, pathologic fracture, and radiation or surgery to bone, occur frequently due to bone metastases in advanced cancer. This analysis of a multicentre, observational study was designed to describe cross-regional differences in health resource utilisation (HRU) of SREs in Western Europe and the US.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to estimate the effect of (68)Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET on intended management of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical management and outcome of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node involvement, using longitudinal nationwide population-based data.

Rectourethral fistula is an uncommon but devastating condition resulting from surgery, radiation, trauma, inflammation, or occasionally anorectal anomaly. Because of involving the urinary and the digestive system, surgical repair can be challenging.

To review the most up-to-date diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis. We conducted a review of the literature based on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

The use of advanced phenotyping, links to lifestyle, and multimodal approaches has helped to enhance the treatment of chronic prostatitis and its negative effects on quality of life.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a condition characterized by an involuntary loss of urine occurring as result of an increase in intra-abdominal pressure due to effort or exertion or on sneezing or coughing.

Bladder cancer (BC) has become a major worldwide public health issue, especially non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A flood of related clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have emerged; however, the quality and recommendations of the guidelines are controversial.

Although rare, penile cancer carries high morbidity and mortality particularly when pertaining to the management of locally advanced and/or metastatic disease. The current scientific literature lacks level one evidence and current guidelines are based largely on retrospective studies and small single center studies.

To describe the management of grade 4 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) urinary adverse events (UAEs) after radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa). We hypothesized grade 4 UAEs often require complex surgical management and subject patients to significant morbidity.

We report two successful treatment cases of renal artery occlusion (RAO) related to multiple trauma. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with right RAO and liver laceration after a traffic accident. Surgical thrombectomy and revascularization were performed, but lacerated liver not sutured.

Staghorn stones are large branching stones that fill part of all of the renal pelvis and renal calyces and they can be complete or partial depending on the level of occupancy of the collecting system.

BACKGROUND - Treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has evolved rapidly. In particular, five new treatments that extend survival in mCRPC have been approved since 2010, including the chemotherapy cabazitaxel (Jevtana®), hormonal agents abiraterone (Zytiga®) and enzalutamide (Xtandi®), vaccine sipuleucel-T (Provenge®), and radiopharmaceutical radium-223 (Xofigo®); all have different indications and toxicity profiles.

Although kidney stones are less common in children than in adults, incidence in children is rising. Kidney stones may lead to significant morbidity in addition to escalating medical costs. Clinical presentation is variable.

The genesis of neurogenic sexual dysfunction (NSD) can be central, peripheral, or both. The correct stratification of the level of sexual dysfunction allows the clinician to choose the best type of treatment, in order to reduce sexual complaints.

Guidelines on the clinical management of non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) generally focus on the need to continue androgen deprivation therapy and enrol patients into clinical trials of investigational agents.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of clinically localized prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy versus radiation therapy within the context of a prospective prostate cancer screening study.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. Beyond the 6th decade of life, more than 30% of men suffer from moderate to severe LUTS requiring intervention.

Nephrolithiasis is a rare disease in children. For many years children with kidney stones have been managed like "small adults", but there are significant differences between the pediatric and the adult age in clinical presentation, etiology and treatment.