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Approximately 1 in 20 young men today have sperm counts low enough to impair fertility, whereas this may not have been the case historically. The cause(s) of such a decline in male reproductive health is unknown, despite it being a global health issue.

In recent decades, the incidence of male infertility has been increasing continuously both worldwide and in Hungary and is becoming a more and more central issue. Millions of men at the reproductive age are affected by male infertility.

46,XX male sex reversal syndrome is one of the rarest sex chromosomal aberrations. The presence of SRY gene on one of the X chromosomes is the most frequent cause of this syndrome. Based on Y chromosome profile, there are SRY-positive and SRY-negative forms.

Interest in radiation-related health problems has been growing with the increase in the number of workers in radiation-related jobs. Although an occupational level of radiation exposure would not likely cause azoospermia, several studies have reported the relation between radiation exposure and azoospermia after accidental or therapeutic radiation exposure.

Recent evidences have linked abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia to male infertility. Since a defective energy metabolism may play an important role in the impairment of sperm quality, the aim of this study is to investigate the sperm energetic metabolism in rats fed with a high-fat diet, an animal model associated with metabolic syndrome development.

Male infertility related to professional reprotoxic exposure has been assessed in several studies. Collaboration between occupational physicians and patients can yield information about the preventive measures that can be taken to avoid such exposure.

Overweight and obesity are known risk factors for several diseases, including diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. All of these disorders, besides severe obesity itself, may negatively impact the sexual and reproductive health of both male and female individuals.

Male factor infertility plays a significant role in infertility. Many factors have been associated with male infertility; however, the link between many sports and recreational factors and male reproduction remains poorly characterized.

Accumulating evidence indicates that varicocele repair improves sperm quality. However, longitudinal changes in sperm parameters and predictors of improved semen characteristics after surgery have not been fully investigated.

To examine whether mutations of the CDK2 gene exist in Chinese men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) with different histopathology, we recruited 175 Chinese men with idiopathic NOA who underwent testis biopsy, including hypospermatogenesis, germ cell maturation arrest and Sertoli cell only syndrome.

H2BFWT is one of the testis-specific histones that plays a fundamental role in spermatogenesis, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene may result in male infertility. This study aimed to investigate the association between -9C>T and 368A>G transitions of H2BFWT gene and male infertility through a case-control, meta-analysis, and a bioinformatics approach.

Chronic prostatitis is a risk factor for impaired male fertility potential, and anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs) cause the autoimmune disease immune infertility, which has a negative effect on semen parameters.

Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a multifunctional channel protein across the outer mitochondrial membrane of somatic cells and participates in many physiological and pathophysiological processes.

Although vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common health problems throughout the world, including Iran, conflicting information exists on the potential association between serum vitamin D levels and semen quality.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is one of the key enzymes in folate metabolism. But the association between polymorphism and the risk of male infertility is still controversial. Therefore, this study used a meta-analysis on the collection of data to analyze MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism (known as c.

This study was designed to explore the cyproterone acetate (CPA)-induced andrological hypofunction and its correction by oral administration of lycopene. In this concern, spermatogenic, biochemical, histological and genomic profiles were studied.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - The cell phone technology is a vital part of our modern life and its use is expanding to not only the traditional voice conversations but also to deliver news, high resolution pictures, and Internet access.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - The present article details several common scenarios of referral for men with a prior history of cryptorchidism and orchidopexy seeking advice for infertility, and examines the association between cryptorchidism and male infertility.

BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - In the past, men who were azoospermic after chemotherapy were routinely considered sterile, and fertility options included only donor sperm (substitutive therapy).

Multiparametric testicular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were analyzed in a series of 10 infertile asymptomatic men presenting with pathologically confirmed burned-out testicular tumors.

With cannabis consumption on the rise, and use prominent among males of reproductive age, it is essential to understand the potential impact of cannabis on male fertility. Here we review the literature regarding cannabis' effects on male fertility.

Epidemiological studies report an increase of pathologies of male reproductive tracts and suggest a link between this trend and the increased exposure of men to endocrine disruptors (EDs). The mechanisms by which EDs impact male fertility are far to be elucidated although DNA, chromatin and epigenome of spermatozoa appear to be relevant targets for these molecules.

The pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play a pivotal role in reproduction. The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by complex interactions among several endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors of diverse chemical structure.

Imaging can benefit clinicians in evaluating men with infertility or sexual dysfunction by giving an overview of a patient's overall clinical condition before undertaking an invasive procedure. An understanding of the limitations and advantages of image modalities used in clinical practice will ensure that clinicians can optimize patient care with imaging when necessary.

To study the pathologic findings among men evaluated for infertility.

A retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study.

University hospital-based research center.

We included data from 1,213 medical records from infertile men referred for diagnostic work-up from 2005 to 2009.

Transplantation of own cryostored spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is a promising technique for fertility restoration when the SSC pool has been depleted. In this regard, cryopreservation of pre-pubertal testicular tissue or SSCs suspensions before gonadotoxic therapies is ethically accepted and increasingly proposed.

Infertility affects about 15% of the couples of reproductive age. The male factor is involved in nearly 50% of infertility cases. Defective human sperm function has been associated with evidence of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a resultant loss of fertilizing potential in vivo and in vitro.

The advent of modern treatments together with the improvement of the surgical techniques has significantly increased 5-year survival rates of young patients with cancer. Although the deleterious effects of chemotherapy and radiation are well documented, controversies exist about the effect of cancer itself on semen parameters before treatment.

Previous studies of aromatase inhibitors on male infertility have focused on men with low testosterone-oestradiol ratio of less than 10. Can aromatase inhibitors improve spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic male infertility with normal testosterone-oestradiol ratio?

Prospective study of men with idiopathic severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentration <5 million/ml) carried out between February 2015 and March 2017.

We aimed to analyse the relationship between sperm parameters and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score, the testosterone (T) level in infertile men and between FSFI score and partners' fertility.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of in vitro supplementation with vitamin E in human spermatozoon incubated with an oxidative stress inducer. In this study, semen samples from 30 patients were collected and with one aliquot we performed semen analysis according to WHO.

To investigate the effect of kallikrein-related peptidase KLK1 on azoospermic mice induced by busulfan and mouse spermatogonial stem cell.

Mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of busulfan, and 4 weeks later, they received a daily intraperitoneal injection of KLK1 at different doses for another 4 weeks.

This study aimed to assess the effect of varicocelectomy and/or mast cells (MCs) stabilizer on sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men with varicocele (Vx). Overall, 120 infertile patients were randomized to three equal treatment arms; patients that underwent varicocelectomy, patients on 1 mg ketotifen twice daily for three months, and patients that underwent varicocelectomy followed with 1 mg ketotifen twice daily for three months.

To investigate the prevalence and effects of medical comorbidities on spermatogenesis and to determine whether the treatment of medical comorbidities effectively improves spermatogenesis.

Single-center case-control study.

Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent a poorly investigated class of drugs for the treatment of male infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of SERMs on conventional sperm parameters, serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels, and pregnancy rate in patients with idiopathic infertility.

Knowledge on the occurrence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and timely ovulatory intercourse failure (TOIF) in Chinese men of infertile couples is limited.

To obtain representative estimates of ED and TOIF in Chinese men of infertile couples and to analyze potential risk factors associated with ED.

This study aimed to examine associations between urinary metal concentrations and sperm DNA damage. Thirteen metals [arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn)] were detected in urine samples of 207 infertile men from an infertility clinic using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and also, sperm DNA damage (tail length, percent DNA tail, and tail distributed moment) were assessed using neutral comet assay.

The advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has contributed to a significant growth in the delivery of assisted conception technique, such that IVF/ICSI procedures are now recommended over other interventions.

The study examined the effect the life-long vegetarian diet on male fertility and focused on vegetarians living in the Loma Linda blue zone, a demographic area known for life longevity. The objective was to compare sperm characteristics of vegetarian with non-vegetarian males.

For a significant number of couples worldwide, infertility is a harsh reality. As specialists in male infertility, much of our armamentarium lacks definitive, evidence-based therapies. For years, we have relied on manipulation of the male hormonal axis to treat those men who help carry the burden of infertility in their partnerships.

Infertility affects about 17% couples, and males contribute to half of the cases. Compared with independent effects of genetic and environmental factors, interactions between them help in the understanding of the susceptibility to male infertility.

Male infertility due to Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the sperm Flagella (MMAF), is characterized by nearly total asthenozoospermia due to the presence of a mosaic of sperm flagellar anomalies, which corresponds to short, angulated, absent flagella and flagella of irregular calibre.

This review provides an update on the genetics of male infertility with emphasis on the current state of research, the genetic disorders that can lead to non-syndromic male infertility, and the genetic tests available for patients.

The etiology of infertility is still unknown in almost half of all male infertility patients. In sperm, DNA condensation differs from somatic and female gamete cells, with the protamine (PRM) gene and its transcription factor, Y-box binding protein 2 (YBX2), playing key roles in making the structure more compact.

PURPOSE - To evaluate the prevalence of gonadal dysfunction and the associated risk factors in a cohort of male childhood cancer survivors (CCS).

METHODS - Gonadal function was evaluated measuring FSH, LH, inhibin B and total testosterone levels.

Sperm counts have shown a progressive decline across the world since the mid-1900s. Global rates of obesity have been climbing at a similarly alarming rate, suggesting that these two factors may be linked.

Subfertility is defined as the condition of being less than normally fertile though still capable of effecting fertilization. When these subfertile couples seek assistance for conception, a thorough evaluation of male endocrine function is often overlooked.

Microdeletions in Y-chromosomal azoospermia factor (AZF) regions have been regarded as the risk factor of spermatogenic failure (SF). However, AZF-linked duplications or complex copy number variants (CNVs) (deletion + duplication) were rarely studied.

Ultrasound imaging and angiography play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of men with subfertility. The most commonly used imaging modality is ultrasound (US), which can be used for diagnostic purposes or to aid in treatment.

Monitoring the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been impeded by uncertainties regarding the extent to which offspring health is influenced by paternal characteristics linked to male infertility or the processes that ICSI treatment entails.